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Current Concepts in Physical Therapy for People with Parkinson’s Disease. Tim Pazier, MPT Franciscan Health System PWR! certified clinician LSVT BIG certified clinician.
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Current Concepts in Physical Therapy for People with Parkinson’s Disease Tim Pazier, MPT Franciscan Health System PWR! certified clinician LSVT BIG certified clinician
“Lack of activity destroys the good condition of every human being, while movement and methodical physical exercise save it and preserve it”Plato
Overview • The effect of Parkinson’s disease (PD) on movement • The role of physical therapy in PD • Exercise principles to improve function • Framework for exercise and PD
The effect of PD on movement • Progressive neurodegenerative disease • Motor deficits: • slowness of movement (bradykinesia) • decreased amplitude (hypokinesia) • rigidity, tremor • decreased balance/postural reactions • freezing • postural changes
The effect of PD on movement • Non-motor deficits that impact movement: • altered sensory perception/activation • difficulty changing strategies • difficulty dividing attention • poor self-monitoring • reduced vitality • depression, anxiety elevated
PD and Physical Therapy • Historically: Physical Therapy prescribed once person is falling • By then, > 70% loss of dopamine cells • Ideally, we want people in therapy at the first signs of the disease
Physical Therapy (PT) • Role of the physical therapist: • prescribes therapy based on movement analysis and patient goals • assesses equipment needs • advise home modifications as needed • help teach caregivers/family ways to assist the person with PD (cueing as needed)
Goals of PT • Slow sensorimotor deterioration • Prevent falls • Establish home exercise program that challenges the person with PD • Follow up every 3-6 months
The science behind exercise • Neuroplasticity – changes in brain connections that restores or compensates for lost function. • Neuroprotection – changes in brain connections that spares, rejuvenates, or slows their degeneration.
Science, exercise, and PD - in the lab • Exercise may slow, halt, or reverse the progression of PD in animal studies: • protection of viable dopamine neurons (neuroprotection) • restoring compromised neural pathways (neuroplasticity) • increasing reliance on undamaged systems (neuroplasticity)
Science, exercise, and PD - in the lab • Findings in the lab can be applied in the clinic • Changes in brain function can be seen indirectly: • Improved balance • Increased speed and amplitude of movement • Decreased freezing
Principles of recovery and improved function • Use it or lose it! • inactivity contributes to PD • Use it AND improve it! • extended training can strengthen neural connections • Continuous exercise matters • gains will be lost if exercise stopped
Principles of recovery and improved function • Timing matters • starting earlier better • gains can be made even in advanced PD • Importance of salience • exercise needs to be relevant to the person • Push the effort! • activity beyond self-selected effort
Principles of recovery and improved function • Repetition key for learning • lots of practice needed • Specificity matters • therapy should focus on what is difficult • Empower • people with PD CAN get better
Exercise and Physical Therapy • No one exercise program found to be the best approach • However, HOW you exercise is the key… Parkinson’s Wellness Recovery (PWR!) (see www.nfnw.org )
Parkinson’s Wellness Recovery (PWR!) • NOT a specific exercise regimen, BUT a framework for treatment • Utilizes the latest research • Can be incorporated into any exercise regimen
PWR! Framework for PD Prepare! Activate! Reflect! Motivate!
Prepare! • Remove fear of movement • Simplify movements • Focus attention • Movements modeled to enhance awareness • Cardio training to “prime the pump” • Alignment important
Activate! • Push effort BEYOND self-selected • Whole body movements via PWR! MOVES - building blocks for function • May need cues for completing movement • Add complexity (dual task), duration (sustain holds), intensity (effort to 8/10 on a 0-10 scale)
Reflect! • Increase awareness of movements • Help identify normal performance • Reduce reliance of vision • Goal is to internalize and self-cue movements: “step BIG” “reach BIG” “turn BIG”
Motivate! • People with PD need external motivation • Dopamine helps drive motivation • Must be salient to the person “I want to work on moving better so I can play tennis again” “I want to walk with my wife/husband” • Goal is to empower!
Types of exercises/treatment approaches for PD • Treadmill • Tai chi • Boxing • Tango • Tandem cycling (forced spinning) • Nordic walking • Sensorimotor agility program • Auditory cueing - metronome • LSVT LOUD/BIG
LSVT LOUD/BIG • LSVT = Lee Silverman Voice Treatment • LOUD/BIG focuses on: • high effort • single attentional focus (AMPLITUDE) • overlearned movements • LOTS of repetition • sensory awareness retraining
LSVT LOUD/BIG • Outcomes: • LOUD participants able to sustain loudness 2 yrs after training • BIG participants exhibit faster gait and bigger strides, improved reaching, improved trunk rotation
PWR! MOVESconcepts that can be incorporated into any exercise program
PWR! Reach
PWR! Reach
PWR! Rock
PWR! Twist
PWR! Turn
PWR! Voice • Can be added to any PWR! Moves • Voice adds attentional and physical effort • Promotes greater activation (as seen in LSVT LOUD/BIG hybrid) • Focus on breath with movement important
PWR! progression • PWR! Moves are the building blocks for function • Functional activities (examples): - getting in/out of bed - sitting standing - walking • Progress to sports, hobbies, recreation
What we want… • HIGH effort • Awareness of movement • Work towards whole body movements • Translate movements into functional activities • Self cueing/monitoring • Support of caregivers/family to reinforce • NO days off, no excuses!!!
People with PD CAN get better and STAY better longer with exercise!!!