Achieving Sanitation MDG in Uttar Pradesh

1. Achieving Sanitation MDG in Uttar Pradesh Presented at National Seminar on Decentralized Governance in Water & Sanitation in Rural India June 28th, 2012 NIAR, Mussoorie, Uttarakhand

2. Uttar Pradesh – A Profile • Area 243,290 sq km with population 210 m • Contributes nearly 8% of India’s GDP • Only 5 countries in the world have more population than Uttar Pradesh • One out of every five open defecator in India lives in Uttar Pradesh

4. Sanitation Trends • Click to edit Master text styles • Second level • Third level • Fourth level • Fifth level Only 6.9% increase in improved sanitation from 1990 to 2006 (16 years)

5. Sanitation Trends in Rural UP • Click to edit Master text styles • Second level • Third level • Fourth level • Fifth level Increased nearly 3 times in last 15 years but grossly inadequate

6. MDG target for Uttar Pradesh • Projected population of UP in 2015 220 million • MDG Target (56.5%) 124.5 million • MDG achievable at current rate (24%) 53 million • Unimproved toilet users 33 millon • Open defecators in 2015 135 million • MDG target shortfall 71.5 million

7. Four Districts Contribute 11% of Open Defecators • District Projected Population of Open Defecators (2007) • Allahabad 4,084,668 • Azamgarh 3,741,821 • Jaunpur 3,651,550 • Sitapur 3,429,279

8. Click to edit Master text styles • Second level • Third level • Fourth level • Fifth level

9. 18 districts contribute 37% of open defecation Name of District Projected Population of Open Defecators (2007) Gorakhpur 3,217,968 Hardoi 3,194,743 Sultanpur 3,097,598 Kheri 3,002,027 Ghazipur 2,908,639 Rae Bareli 2,846,420 Kushinagar 2,817,120 Gonda 2,809,449 Agra 2,781,767 Pratapgarh 2,764,099 Name of District Projected Population of Open Defecators (2007) Ballia 2,625,415 Etah 2,574,837 Deoria 2,561,347 Budaun 2,561,243 Barabanki 2,522,946 Unnao 2,472,429 Aligarh 2,417,982 Bahraich 2,352,095

10. Independent variables impacting Toilet Use Dependent variable: "households have access to toilet facility (%)“ *** significant at 1% level; ** significant at 5% level ; * significant at 10% level

11. one percent increase in female literacy in a district is found associated with 0.25% to 0.48% increase in toilet use.

12. One percent increase in household piped drinking water in a district is associated with 0.50% increase in toilet use behavior.

13. an increase of BPL card holders by 1% in a district results in a decrease of toilet use behavior by 0.63%.

14. Medical Expenses by Income Quintile

15. Net Social Benefits of Total Sanitation • Reduction of deaths of children below 5 years by 90,000 to 100,000 per annum • Averted loss of wages on account of sickness • Averted cost of medicines for treating sickness Net Social Benefits of Total Sanitation in Uttar Pradesh is Rs 10,244 crores (NPV, at 10% discount rate), which is equal to 4% of State SDP

16. Conclusions • Focus on districts with higher concentration of Open Defecators (4 plus 18) • Give priority to those districts which have higher female literacy because of higher chance of success • Give priority to districts with better water supply systems because of higher chance of success • Scope for developing innovative health insurance products linked to sanitation for households in lower income quintiles

17. THANK YOU