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INFANT FEEDING

INFANT FEEDING. Complementary Feeding Practices. Weaning. ‘to free from a habit’ ‘Complementary feeding’ Definition: the systematic process of introduction of suitable food at the right time in addition to mother’s milk in order to provide needed nutrients to the baby. When?. After 6 months

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INFANT FEEDING

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  1. INFANT FEEDING Complementary Feeding Practices

  2. Weaning • ‘to free from a habit’ • ‘Complementary feeding’ • Definition: the systematic process of introduction of suitable food at the right time in addition to mother’s milk in order to provide needed nutrients to the baby

  3. When? • After 6 months • Biologically fit to accept semisolids by 4mo

  4. Timing • By 4 mo, baby achieves head control, hand mouth coordination, enjoys mouthing • Nutritional requirements increase, stores of nutrients get depleted (Ca, Fe) • By 5 mo, baby needs 600-700 kcal/day but breastmilk only gives 400 kcal

  5. Continuation of Breastfeeding • Breast milk should continue to be the baby’s main food even after weaning is initiated • Continue as long as feasible, preferably 2y

  6. What? Instant foods Home made

  7. Home-made: economical, easily available, culturally accepted, closer to family food, versatile • Instant food: balanced nutrient content as per recommendations

  8. Make home-made foods nutrient dense: • Add jaggery for calories & minerals • Add milk for proteins • Add oil for calories

  9. How? • Start with mono cereals, then multi cereals, followed by cereal-pulse combinations • Rice - gluten-free & easily digestible • Cereal-pulse combination – fortification of amino acids (Cereals lack lysine, pulses lack methionine)

  10. Popular weaning foods – tubers, fruits, biscuits, banana powder • Combination of both – best result

  11. Family Pot feeding • Family food given in thickened & mashed form without adding spices • Extra oil/ghee, green leafy veggies, seasonal fruits

  12. Add one new food at a time, preferably in the morning • Child should get accustomed to family pot feeds; good for babies

  13. 6 months: cereal-based porridge enriched with jaggery/sugar, oil/ghee, milk. Start with 1-2 spoonfuls, gradually increase to ½ - 1 cup per day in 1-2 servings + fruit juice

  14. 6 – 9months: mashed items from family pot enriched with jaggery/sugar, oil/ghee Egg yolk followed by egg white • Continue breast feeding

  15. 9 – 12months: introduce soft foods that can be chewed • Family pot items given 4-6 times per day • By 1 year of age, child should take everything cooked at home. • A 1y old child should eat half of what the mother eats

  16. Bridging the Calorie & Nutrient Gap • Calorie gap – add oil/ghee & sugar/jaggery • Nutrient gap – cereal-pulse combination, nutrient dense foods (eg: egg, potato), predigested instant foods • Frequent feeding • Soaking & malting of grains

  17. Develop Readiness for Family Pot • Essential to introduce various textures of food and new tastes • Careful selection of weaning foods, proper consistency

  18. Get child accustomed to healthy eating from the weaning period itself

  19. Preparation & Storage of Weaning Foods • Hand washing prior to preparation & feeding • Use clean, fresh items • Proper storage in air-tight containers

  20. SAT mix : roasted and powdered rice, wheat, black gram and powdered sugar in 1:1:1:2 ratio

  21. Safety Net • 3 plank protein bridge to prevent PEM • Continued breast feeding • Introduction of vegetable protein • Introduction of animal protein • Safety net – supplementary feeding programs, Akshaya patra

  22. Reponsive Feeding • Mother-child interactions during feeding

  23. Feeding of Children TODDLERS (1-3y) • Needs >1/2 of what mother eats • Frequent servings • Coaxed to eat – physiological anorexia, reduced growth rate

  24. Eating while playing, group eating, eating from special vessel (Akshaya patra)

  25. PRESCHOOL (3-6y) • ½ of what father eats • Coaxed to eat • Group eating, supplementary feeding programs + family pot feeds • Variety, fruits & veggies

  26. SCHOOL GOING • ¾ of what father eats • Balanced diet • Do NOT skip breakfast/meals

  27. During & After illness • Breast feeding and feeding of easily digestible soft foods continued during illness • Coaxed to eat every 2-3hrs, small quantities • After illness, give an extra meal for 1-2weeks to regain lost weight

  28. Monitor • Frequent weighing • Record on growth charts • Developmental milestones

  29. Thank you!!

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