Chapter 26, Section 3

1. Chapter 26, Section 3 The Home Front

2. The bombing of Pearl Harbor plunged the U.S. into war • Victory depended on successful mobilizing on the war front

3. Mobilizing for Victory • After Pearl Harbor millions of men and women volunteered to serve in the armed forces • Other found work in war industries • Guns, tanks, aircraft, and other war supplies

4. Training for Combat • 10 million men were drafted and another 6 million men and women enlisted • 1941 the army, navy, and air force built bases around the country for training • Recruits trained to fight in the jungles of the North Pacific and the deserts of North Africa, and the towns and farmlands of Europe

5. Training for Combat • Women were not allowed in combat but many served ferrying bombers from base to base, towing targets, and teaching men to fly

6. Organizing the economy • Even more then in WWI the government controlled the economy during WWII • Set prices, negotiated with labor unions, rationed goods • War Production Board helped factories shift from making consumer goods to war goods • Auto makers switched from making cars to making tanks and trucks

7. Organizing the Economy • Wartime demands for goods quickly ended the Great Depression • Unemployment fell • Minority workers found jobs • Wages rose • Farmers prospered

8. A Miracle of production • American workers topped FDR’s goals of producing 60,000 planes • Consumers suffered from shortages because industries were making war goods • New cars, tires

9. New roles for Women • Women were needed to “work for victory” • 6 million women entered the work force • Replaced men who joined the armed services

10. Better pay • Because women were needed they were able to win better pay • Some employers found ways to avoid equal pay • The war changed fashionsfor women • Wore trousers instead of skirts • Overalls and scarves around the hair on the job

11. Rosie

17. African Americans Seek Social Changes • African Americans rallied to their nation’s cause

18. Plans for a march • A Philip Randolph called for a march on Washington to protest job discrimination • Government worries that a march would feed Hitler’s propaganda campaign • FDR ordered employers doing business with the government to end discrimination in hiring

19. Segregation in the Military • FDR refused to end racial discrimination in the military • Nearly a million African Americans had to serve in all black units commanded by white officers • Black Eagles famously heroic African American unit that destroyed or damaged 400 enemy aircraft • 1948 President Truman ended segregation in the armed forces

20. Racial Tension • Competition in cities for scarce housing led to violence and race riots

21. Other Ethnic groups in the War Native Americans • The highest proportion f service men of any ethnic group • 1 out of 3 able bodied men were in uniform • Navajo code talkers used their language to send vital messages • Japanese could not interpret

22. Hispanics • Thousands of Puerto Ricans and Mexican men served • Still faced racial prejudice

23. Relocation of Japanese Americans • Most Japanese Americans lived on the West Coast or in Hawaii • After Pearl Harbor they questioned their loyalty • Might act as spies and help Japan invade the U.S.

24. Relocation of Japanese Americans • War Time Relocation Agency: FDR approved of moving about 120,000 Japanese Americans to camps • WRA camps kept Japanese Americans in crowded barracks behind barbed wire • German and Italian Americans were not sent to camps • Japanese Americans in Hawaii were not moved

25. Relocation of Japanese Americans • 1944 Supreme Court ruled that the camps were necessary wartime measure

26. Loyal Service and a Delayed Apology • Thousands of Japanese Americans served in the armed forces • Most in segregation units and fighting in Europe • Years later Americans began to recognize the injustice • Congress voted to apologize and award $20,000 to every survivor of the camps

27. WRA relocation camp