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Alcohol – physiological effects

Alcohol – physiological effects. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzWpeRGu2dY. Stages of alcohol poisoning. Assign your symptom to a stage Present your symptom Present the blood alcohol concentration. First stage - asphyxia BAC between 1g – 2g per thousandth ml.

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Alcohol – physiological effects

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  1. Alcohol – physiological effects

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzWpeRGu2dY

  3. Stages ofalcoholpoisoning • Assign your symptom to a stage • Present your symptom • Present the blood alcohol concentration

  4. First stage - asphyxiaBAC between 1g – 2g per thousandth ml • Delay in reaction time • Decrease in painperception • Imbalance • Redeyes • Slightlyslurredspeech

  5. Second stage - HypnoseBLC between 2g - 2,5g per thousandth ml • Speech- andArticulationdisorders • Incoordination • Blurredvision • Constrictedpupils • Amnesia • Vomit

  6. Third stage - AnesthesiaBLC between 2,5g – 4g per thousandth ml • Unconsciousness • Shock • Dilatedpupil

  7. Fourthstage- AsphyxiaBLC of 4g per thousandth ml • Coma • Wide andunresponsivepupils • Shock – circulatoryfailure – death • Decreaseofspontaneousbreathing – opnea – death • Hypothermia - death

  8. Alcoholmetabolism • Once swallowed, a drink enters the stomach and small intestine, where small blood vessels carry it to the bloodstream. • Approximately 20% of alcohol is absorbed through the stomach and most of the remaining 80% is absorbed through the small intestine. • Alcohol is metabolized by the liver, where enzymes break down the alcohol. Understanding the rate of metabolism is critical to understanding the effects of alcohol. In general, the liver can process one ounce of liquor (or one standard drink) in one hour. • If you consume more than this, your system becomes saturated, and the additional alcohol will accumulate in the blood and body tissues until it can be metabolized. This is why having a lot of shots or playing drinking games can result in high blood alcohol concentrations that last for several hours.

  9. 1) Mouth • 2)Stomage • 3)Intestine • 4) tissue • 5) Liver • 6) Brain

  10. Differentsbetweenmenandwoman • Because of several physiological reasons, a woman will feel the effects of alcohol more than a man, even if they are the same size. • Also alcohol damages the body of a woman even more then the body of a men, because they process alcohol differently. • Women have less body water • Women have less dehydrogenase, a liver enzyme that breaks down alcohol. • Premenstrual hormonal changes cause intoxication to set in faster during the days right before a woman gets her period. Birth control pills or other medication with estrogen will slow down the rate at which alcohol is eliminated from the body.

  11. „Hangover“- After drinking • Hangovers are the body's reaction to poisoning and withdrawal from alcohol. • Hangovers begin 8 to 12 hours after the last drink and symptoms include fatigue, depression, headache, thirst, nausea, and vomiting. The severity of symptoms varies according to the individual and the quantity of alcohol consumed.

  12. Long – termdamage • Loss ofbraincells • Increase in weight • Damagetoalmosteveryorgan

  13. Loss ofbraincells • With every booze million brain cells are destroyed. • Four or five years of constant alcohol consumption are enough to shrink the brain measurable. • In the beginning it only affects ability to memorize • Later it severely lowers overall intelligence

  14. Increase in weight • The beer belly has not been invented by opponents of alcohol: • One gram of alcohol contains more calories than a gram of sugar and almost as many calories as a gram of fat. • But that's not all of it: Consumption of alcohol results in a decrease of fat-degration

  15. Damagetoalmosteveryorgan • Damage to the liver (fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis) • Damage to the stomach lining (gastritis) • Damage to the pancreas (pancreatitis) • Inflammation of nerves (neuropathy) • Brain damage • Other diseases (increased susceptibility to infections, certain cancers, damage the male reproductive system)

  16. Damagetotheliver • The breakdown of alcohol happens almost exclusively in the liver. • Even small amounts of alcohol can cause changes in the cell structure of the liver • Prolonged consumption of large amounts of alcohol regularly raises serious damage to the liver. • Alcoholismuchmoredamagingtofemales

  17. Damagetotheliver • There are three forms of alcohol liver damage, divided in different stages • Alcoholicfattyliverdisease • Alcoholichepatitis • Alcoholiccirrhosis

  18. Alcoholicfattyliverdisease • The first sign of liver damage is the degeneration of the liver cells (fatty liver). • Simultaneously there is an enlargement of the organ. • As a result of this obesity the function of the liver, which is absolutely vital for the body, decreases. • A fatty liver can simply be identified by specific blood tests. .

  19. Alcoholichepatitis • Inflammatory changes in the liver tissue. • Symptoms: indigestion and jaundice. • Can lead to liver cirrhosis.

  20. Alcoholiccirrhosis • Can proceedeven after theconsumptionofalcoholhasstoppedcompletely • The livertissueisreplacedbyconnectivetissue, which do not fulfillthe same function. • Symptoms (after time): bloating, severebloating, finallydropsy (ascites) andexpansionofbloodvessels in theesophagus (esophagealvarices), whichcancauselife-threateningbleeding. • Livercirrhosisistheleadingkillerofalcoholics

  21. Remember! • The liver process alcohol not faster if you drink plenty of water, moving or eating something greasy.

  22. Damage to the stomach lining (Gastritis) • Prolongedconsumptionofparticularlyhardalcoholleadstodamagetothestomachlining, whichcanresult in stomachbleeding. • Most oftheailmentsarebloating, abdominal pain, nauseaandlossofappetite.

  23. Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) • About one quarter of all people who suffer from this debilitating disease are alcoholics. • The pancreatitis results in very severe upper abdominal pain associated with indigestion and diarrhea. • The disease can lead to death.

  24. Inflammation of nerves (neuropathy) • Every 5th Alcoholics will get this disease. • It predominantly affects the nerves of the legs. • It starts with numbness and pain in the legs moving forward to paralysis of the muscles, drastically decreasing stamina • The nerves of the arms and other parts of the body less likely to be affected.

  25. Brain Damage • The brain is one of the most frequently and severely affected organs. However, the effects of brain injury can only be seen in long-term-effects. • People with long-term alcohol abuse problems are more likely to feel the consequences of brain shrinkage than people without alcohol abuse. • Brain shrinkage leads to a decrease in mental capacity. • The brain damage can be reversed to a certain extent, but only if strict abstinence is maintained. • Brain cells can not be reproduced.

  26. Other diseases, associated with alcohol abuse • For many people alcoholism increases the susceptibility to infectious diseases (eg influenza), because the natural defense mechanisms of the body are weakened. • Cancers of the upper digestive system, tongue cancer, throat cancer. • Affects the male sexual organ. Consumption of larger amounts of alcohol can lead to a significant reduction of the male sex hormone in the blood. • Chronic alcohol abuse leads to a shrinkage of testicular tissue, which is accompanied by a reduction in the production of male sex hormones.

  27. Tumor in themouth Throatcancer Tonguecancer

  28. Damage in humans are not fully grown • In large amounts, alcohol is poisonous to the body. Alcohol damages the cells, which is particularly dangerous to young people. • If teenagers who are still growing drink frequently organs as well as the brain will not fully develop. • Remember: Even one-time alcohol consumption can cause damage!

  29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpFrZJ0o94k • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZLbdLrcXeI

  30. http://psychologienachrichten.de/?p=853 • http://www.alkoholsucht.eu/die-k%C3%B6rperliche-sch%C3%A4den-durch-alkoholmissbrauch • http://www.geo.de/GEOlino/mensch/61444.html • http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoholvergiftung • http://brown.edu/Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/alcohol,_tobacco,_&_other_drugs/alcohol/alcohol_&_your_body.php • http://www.idr.med.uni-erlangen.de/patho/18M.htm • http://tri-vision.de/blog/2010/06/ • http://www.txandy.webspace.virginmedia.com/my_web_site_004.htm • http://www.antibodyreview.com/protein_image_annot.php?artid=7722.0&article_pmcid=2659709&pmcid_imgid=49774.0&image=article_images%252F19320537%252FPLoS+Med%252F6-3%252Fpe1000050-2659709%252Fpmed.1000050.g002.jpg&select=P00325 • http://www.shamchat.c.la/ • http://www.desipad.com/health/32685-about-alcohol.html

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