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The Creation of a Photosynthetic Animal

The Creation of a Photosynthetic Animal. Group A17 Brandon Coogler, Kari Lien, Danesh Shamsi. Organism Backgrounds. Consumer - Elysia chlorotica (Sea Slug) Born as a heterotroph Develops the ability to be autotrophic Can survive up to 10 months without

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The Creation of a Photosynthetic Animal

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  1. The Creation of a Photosynthetic Animal Group A17 Brandon Coogler, Kari Lien, Danesh Shamsi

  2. Organism Backgrounds • Consumer- Elysia chlorotica (Sea Slug) • Born as a heterotroph • Develops the ability to be autotrophic • Can survive up to 10 months without eating due to developed autotrophic nature • Producer – Vaucheria litorea (Algae Species) • Autotrophic • Gives chloroplasts to Elysia chlorotica Rumpho M E et al. J ExpBiol 2011 http://www.nsf.gov/news/mmg/mmg_disp.cfm?med_id=68806&from=mmg

  3. Important Concepts • The process of Endosymbiosis • The occurrence of Kleptoplasty • Horizontal Gene Transfer: • Referred to as HGT • Nuclear DNA • Transcriptome (Freeman 2011)

  4. The Process Process of Endosymbiosis and Kleptoplasty Life Cycle of Elysia chlorotica RumphoM E et al. J ExpBiol 2011

  5. Data Table 1. Sample of Sea Slug Transcriptome Read Matches (Chloroplast-Encoded Transcripts) Table 2. Sample of Algal Nuclear-Encoded Transcripts Identified in E. chlorotica Transcriptome Pierce et al. 2011

  6. Discussion • Chloroplasts are retained through digestion (kleptoplasty) • However, that is not all that is retained. • Data from the transcriptome shows that Algal nuclear genes are retained in Elysia chlorotica individuals • This occurs by HGT • These transferred nuclear genes allow for necessary protein production to support chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) • This establishes a symbiotic relationship Pierce et al. 2011 Rumpho M E et al. J ExpBiol 2011

  7. Conclusion Elysiachloroticacan support chloroplasts inside their body by producing the necessary proteins due to horizontal gene transfer; this shows that horizontal gene transfer can drastically affect the way an organism lives, behaves and functions due to alterations in protein synthesis. http://www.jayhosler.com/jshblog/?p=334

  8. Works Cited Curtis, Nicholas E., and Ray Martinez. "Research Areas." US NSF. University of South Florida, 2009. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.nsf.gov/news/mmg/mmg_disp.cfm?med_id=68806>. Freeman, Scott, and Healy Hamilton. Biological Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2011. Print. Hosler, Jay. "The Field Guide to Super Powers #1: The Parasite and ElysiaChlorotica." Drawing Flies. N.p., 17 Mar. 2010. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. <http://www.jayhosler.com/jshblog/?p=334>. Mary E. Rumpho, Karen N. Pelletreau, Ahmed Moustafa, and Debashish Bhattacharya, 2011. The making of a photosynthetic animal. J. Exp. Biol. 214: 303-311. Pierce SK, Fang X, Schwartz JA, Jiang X, Zhao W, Curtis NE, Kocot KM, Yang B, Wang J. 2012. Transcriptomic evidence for the expression of horizontally transferred algal nuclear genes in the photosynthetic sea slug, Elysia chlorotica. MolBiolEvol. 29(6):1545-56.

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