Maps and Mapping

1. Maps and Mapping

2. Determining Location • Latitude • Lines that run horizontally • Measured in degrees North and South of the Equator. • Longitude • Lines that run vertically • Measured in degrees East or West of the prime meridian.

3. II. Mercator Projection Map • Gerardus Mercator • Created to help sailors navigate around the Earth • Lines of latitude are further apart near the equator • Accurate directions

4. III. Gnomonic Projection map • Made by placing a piece of paper on a globe so that it touches a single point on the globes’ surface • Shows the greatest accuracy of shortest distance between 2 points

5. IV. Topographic Maps • Represents the Earth’s 3-dimensional surface in 2 dimensions a. Contour lines- a line that shows elevation * contour interval- tells the difference in elevation between 2 contour lines *contour lines forming a circle represent a hill. 1. lines close together- steep slope 2. lines further apart – gentle slope 3. depression-represented by circular contours that have hachure marks

7. Depressions

8. Streams • The direction a streams is flowing is shown on a topographic map by the way a contour line crosses the stream. • Streams are shown as a blue line on maps. • When contour lines cross a stream it looks like an upside down V. • The point in the V points upstream. It opens in the direction the water is flowing