The Eucharistic Prayer

1. The Eucharistic Prayer

2. The new translation into English affects the entire collection of Eucharistic Prayers. The sentences are longer and more involved, and the vocabulary is broader. • All these prayers are being retranslated, so you can expect to hear some new variations. The changes will affect what you hear more than what you say. • It will take a little while to grow familiar with the new texts but most of the new translations will follow the well-established structure for a Eucharistic Prayer.

3. Holy, Holy, Holy The revised English translation contains a few changes to these texts.

4. CURRENT TRANSLATION: • Priest: The Lord be with you. All: And also with you. • Priest: Lift up your hearts. All: We lift them up to the Lord. • Priest: Let us give thanks to the Lord our God. All: It is right to give him thanks and praise.

5. NEW TRANSLATION: • Priest: The Lord be with you. All: And with your spirit. • Priest: Lift up your hearts. All: We lift them up to the Lord. • Priest: Let us give thanks to the Lord our God. All: It is right and just.

6. When the priest says, “Let us give thanks to the Lord our God”, your response will be different: “It is right and just.” • This is much closer to the Latin – just a declarative statement without explanation – and it provides a more natural bridge to the preface. The preface explains why it is truly right and just to give God thanks on this particular occasion.

7. At the end of the preface, all join in the Holy, Holy, Holy. There will be a slight change in the first line of the acclamation. The rest of it remains the same.

8. CURRENT TRANSLATION: Holy, holy, holy Lord, God of power and might. Heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest.

9. NEW TRANSLATION: Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest.

10. The English translation of the first line is changing from “God of power and might” to “God of hosts.” The replacement word, “hosts”, means the angelic hosts, the invisible powers that work at God’s command. The new translation emphasizes the sublime power of God, who has all the forces of nature under control.

11. Shortly after singing this hymn, we ask the Holy Spirit to exercise that power by changing the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ. This miracle happens because the only one who can do it is God, who controls all forces, the Lord God of hosts. • For these reasons we affirm that God is “Holy, Holy, Holy.”

12. Mystery of Faith Some of the words you hear at this time will also change. Notice what the priest says as he picks up the bread.

13. CURRENT AND NEW TRANSLATION: Current: Take this, all of you, and eat it: this is my body which will be given up for you. New: Take this, all of you, and eat of it, for this is my Body, which will be given up for you.

14. The difference is the insertion of the words of and for. The meaning is basically the same, but the new translation expresses that we all share some “of ” the same bread. By partaking of one bread, we become one body in Christ (see 1 Corinthians 10:17).

15. Furthermore, the reason we share this food is because it is the body of Christ, given up for us. • There are more changes in the new translation when the priest repeats the words of Christ concerning the chalice of wine.

16. CURRENT TRANSLATION: • Take this, all of you, and drink from it: this is the cup of my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting covenant. It will be shed for you and for all so that sins may be forgiven. Do this in memory of me.

17. NEW TRANSLATION: • Take this, all of you, and drink from it, for this is the chalice of my Blood, the Blood of the new and eternal covenant. which will be poured out for you and for manyfor the forgiveness of sins. Do this in memory of me.

18. Several independent clauses in the current translation have been combined into one sentence. • The new translation shows the connections between the parts of what Jesus said. He invited the disciples to drink, he explained the content of the chalice, and he proclaimed the purpose of this action.

19. You will notice the word chalice is used instead of cup. This matches our common way of referring to the vessel on the altar; it also highlights the ceremonial use of the vessel even at the Last Supperand it matches the frequent appearance of the word chalice in the Bible.

20. The covenant is called “eternal” instead of “everlasting” in the new translation. In English, everlasting means something like “long-lasting.” It refers to something within the confines of time. However, “eternal” is beyond any possible measurement of time.

21. Instead of “shed” the revised translation uses “poured out”. The new verb underlines the ambiguity of the phrase where it occurs. Either a cup or blood may be “poured out.” The new verb also has a more active quality to it. Jesus did not merely shed blood at the infliction of his wounds; he poured out his blood for us. The Passion is something he freely chose to undergo.

22. Many people will notice the difference between “all” and “many”. The current translation says Jesus shed his blood for all, whereas the new translation says he poured out his blood for many. • The new translation reflects the Latin word which means “many” (pro multis), and this is the word that Jesus himself used at the Last Supper, according to Matthew 26:28 and Mark 14:24. (see more comments on this.)

23. The Holy Father "favors the translation of the phrase 'for many' – which is more faithful to the Biblical text – to the translation 'for all,' a modification of the Biblical translation which was intended to clarify the universality of the salvation which was brought about by Christ," Father Lombardi said. He continued: "Some will say that this distinction can only be appreciated by specialists. However, understanding this distinction helps to clarify what the Pope considers to be truly important, and the spiritual point of view from which he approaches it. The words which are used for the institution of the Eucharist are fundamentally important for Pope Benedict, because these words lie at the heart of the Church."

24. Father Lombardi explained that by saying "for many," Jesus "is saying that he is the Servant of Yahweh who was foretold by the prophet Isaiah. When we say 'for many,' therefore, we both express our fidelity to the word of Jesus, and recognize Jesus’ fidelity to the words of the Scripture. There is no doubt that Jesus died so that everyone might be saved. This, along with the profound significance of the words that are used for the institution of the Eucharist, should be explained to the faithful through the use of solid catechesis." "When the Lord offers himself 'for you and for many,'" the Jesuit continued, "we become directly involved and, in gratitude, we take on the responsibility for the salvation which is promised to everyone."

25. - “ 'For many' is a faithful translation of ‘pro multis’, whereas 'for all' is rather an explanation of the sort that belongs properly to catechesis. - " The expression 'for many‘,while remaining open to the inclusion of each human person, is reflective also of the fact that this salvation is not brought about in some mechanistic way, without one's willing or participation; rather, the believer is invited to accept in faith the gift that is being offered and to receive…..

26. The line after this is changing from “so that sins may be forgiven” to “for the forgiveness of sins.” • The new version is a more direct translation of the Latin and a stronger affirmation of the reconciling ministry of Christ(in active form).

27. The priest then announces, “the mystery of faith.” You are accustomed to hearing him say, “Let us proclaim the mystery of faith.” The shorter version is a more accurate reflection of the Latin. • Furthermore, “Let us” implies that the priest will also be making the acclamation, which the current translation has encouraged him to do. But the acclamation is for people to make. The priest has made an announcement, and people make an acclamation.

28. In the current translation we have four acclamations from which to choose, which were based on three different ones in the original Latin. • We now have just three acclamations, matching the Latin versions.

29. The well known acclamation, “Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again”, has not been included in the revised Roman Missal. • Its weakness is that it makes a statement of faith about Christ, rather than a prayer to him. • It also fails to express people’s role as the one who shares Eucharist and awaits its fulfilment. The new acclamations make this function clear.

30. CURRENT ACCLAMATIONS: • Dying you destroyed our death, rising you restored our life. Lord Jesus, come in glory. • When we eat this bread and drink this cup, we proclaim your death, Lord Jesus, until you come in glory. • Lord, by your cross and resurrection you have set us free. You are the Saviour of the world.

31. NEW ACCLAMATIONS: • We proclaim your death, O Lord, and profess your Resurrection until you come again. • When we eat this bread and drink this cup, we proclaim your death, O Lord, until you come again. • Save us, Saviour of the world, for by your Cross and Resurrection, you have set us free.

32. The first two of our current acclamations have three phrases that are very similar. “Christ has died” is like “Dying you destroyed our death.” “Christ is risen” is like “rising you restored our life.” And “Christ will come again” is like “Lord Jesus, come in glory.” • These two acclamations are based on the same Latin text, and the new translation is a more faithful rendering of the original.

33. There is almost no change in the next acclamation, “When we eat this bread.” • Instead of “Lord Jesus,” we will say or sing, “O Lord.” The change reflects the Latin original, which does not explicitly include the name “Jesus.”

34. In the last acclamation the word order is changed. • The text now offers an explicit prayer to Jesus: “Save us.” His two titles in the current translation (“Lord” and “Saviour”) are combined into one (“Saviour”) and the connections between the component parts of the acclamation are clarified.

35. Doxology and Amen • The doxology of the priest will be slightly different. Soon you will hear these words: “Through him, and with him, and in him, / to you, O God, almighty Father, / in the unity of the Holy Spirit, / is all honour and glory, / for ever and ever.”

36. The main difference here is the word order, which more closely imitates the flow of the Latin. • An additional benefit is that it names the three Persons of the Trinity in succession, so it is easier to tell that the prayer is offered to God the Father, through Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Spirit.

37. The Communion Rite • The Lord’s Prayer itself is not changing, nor is the acclamation which follows it.

38. The Lord’s Prayer • There are some changes to the priest’s parts. • He will introduce the Lord’s Prayer with these words: “At the Saviour’s command / and formed by divine teaching, / we dare to say.”

39. Between the Lord’s Prayer and your acclamation, he will say: “Deliver us, Lord, we pray, from every evil, / graciously grant peace in our days, / that, by the help of your mercy, / we may be always free from sin / and safe from all distress, / as we await the blessed hope / and the coming of our Saviour, Jesus Christ.”

40. Instead of saying, “we wait in joyful hope for the coming of our Saviour, Jesus Christ,” the priest will say: “we await the blessed hope / and the coming of our Saviour, Jesus Christ.” • These words echo the letter of Saint Paul to Titus 2:13, which affirms that Christ has come and that we await the blessed hope of his return.

41. Sign of Peace • After the Lord’s Prayer, the priest prays to Jesus for peace and unity in the Church. His text is slightly different… • “Lord Jesus Christ, / who said to your Apostles, / Peace I leave you, my peace I give you, / look not on our sins, / but on the faith of your Church, / and graciously grant her peace and unity / in accordance with your will. / Who live and reign for ever and ever.”

42. Pronouns referring to the Church will be feminine, as the word her is in this prayer. They recall the Church’s image as the bride of Christ.

43. Lamb of God • The priest recites another prayer quietly. He chooses between two options. • Both are addressed to Jesus, and they both have a new translation.

44. Just before the distribution of Holy Communion, the priest makes an announcement, and then he joins you in the response, “Lord, I am not worthy.” • Both parts of this dialogue will have some changes.

45. CURRENT TRANSLATION: • Priest: This is the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. Happy are those who are called to his supper. All: Lord, I am not worthy to receive you, but only say the word and I shall be healed.

46. NEW TRANSLATION: • Priest: Behold the Lamb of God, behold him who takes away the sins of the world. Blessed are those called to the supper of the Lamb. All: Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul shall be healed.

47. Instead of saying, “This is the Lamb of God,” the priest will say, “Behold the Lamb of God.” • This is closer to the Latin (“Ecce”), more majestic in sound, and a more direct allusion to John 1:29, where John the Baptist points out Jesus to his followers.

48. The word Happy is being changed to Blessed. • You may still be blessed (even if not happy) when you are experiencing sorrow. This change, together with the explicit reference to “the supper of the Lamb,” makes clearer the allusion to Revelation 19:9. There, the angel in the vision has John write down the words that proclaim blessed all those called to the wedding banquet of the Lamb.

49. The reply makes two changes. • First, “to receive you” becomes “that you should enter under my roof.” This makes a more direct connection with Matthew 8:8 and Luke 7:6, where a Gentile centurion has asked Jesus to heal his servant.

50. Jesus intends to go to the house, but the centurion believes himself unworthy to have Jesus come to his home. Jesus admires the man’s faith and cures the servant from afar. • By quoting the centurion, you’re telling Jesus that you are not worthy to have him enter the place where you live. You are imitating the centurion’s humility.