Class Up-date

1. Class Up-date • 3 more “instructional” classes: July 12th July 14th - NO CLASS! WORK ON PROJECTS Email me project proposal & article. Google Docs & Blog still due. July 19th – We will have class. July 21st ---------------------------------------------------------------- July 26th – We present projects in class. July 28th - Final Exam (Critical Issues on Wiki)

2. Extra Credit • 1st opportunity: • Trying it: .25 added to final average • “B”: .50 added to final average • “A”: 1 pt. added to final average. • 2nd opportunity: • Scientific terms activity

3. Chapter Six Deviance and Crime

4. Batman • Think about these questions: • What is deviant in this scenario? Why? • Are we truly individuals? • See wiki – critical points in sociology

5. Quick Write Draw a picture of a “deviant” person. List 3 adjectives. Share your drawing with a partner.

6. Deviance Behavior or characteristics that violate important social norms and result in societal sanctions. But sociological definition: - more complicated and situational – relative to a particular setting – dependent upon who is defining

7. What is Deviance? • breaking a social rule • refusing to follow one • example: nudists • deviance by association • Why do people break rules? • Why don’ t most of us do it all the time? • What makes a deviant or criminal? • What can be done about it? Crime: deviance “bad enough” to warrant formal sanctions

8. Pair and Share • Work with a partner. • Make a list of potential deviant acts. • Circle your favorite three that you intend to share.

9. Choosing Group Membership • Anomie – feeling of confusion or loss = rapid change and breakdown of social norms and values. • Resocialization • Argot (slang) • Type of initiation • Group think – If membership is important to us, we may allow the group to pressure us into pushing our own values aside.

10. Resocialization • Not always negative • Deviant group may adopt normative group (ie… finding religion) • Maco level: Apartheid to create a more tolerant and social order • Micro level: 6 year old kissing a classmate • Is this deviant? Have we gone too far? Is this a sign of the times?

11. Moral Panics • Exaggerated fears of a particular group • 911 moral panic? • Criteria: • Volatile (erupts quickly) • Great concern regarding behavior & consequences for society • Society defines the group an “enemy” and increases hostility toward them. • Widespread consensus that the threat is real • Perception that a disproportionate number of people are engaged in the behavior with a large number of innocent members are being harmed.

12. Understanding Deviance • Absolutist: the nature of the act is deviant. Wrong at all times in every situation (abortion) • Normative: What is deviant in one place at a particular time may not be deviant in another. (abortion) • Reactive – Not deviant until it is defined deviant by society (truancy)

13. Relative Viewpoints of Deviance • Japanese Culture (respect) vs. American (dishonesty) • Defining and interpreting is open for interpretation.

14. Theories of Deviance • Individual Blame: functionalist (Individual is responsible and must change) • Freud (underdeveloped superego) • Interpersonal conflict with intimate groups growing up (serial killers – trauma) • System Blame: Social Conflict (Manifestation of inequality or attempts of the powerful to force their views)

15. The Biological Context • Caesare Lombroso proposed that criminals could be identified by physical traits. (Hairy, long arms, protruding ears due to failure to evolve) • Learning disabilities, Schizophrenia, homosexuals, ADHD (autism example) • There is no conclusive evidence linking genetics to criminality.

16. Biological Theory • Social structure and social interaction do play a role • Ie.. Predisposition toward alcoholism (correlation not causality) • Genetically predisposed

17. Deviance and Social Coherence • Explaining Deviance • Differential Association (Sutherland) • associate /socialize with people who are deviants • deviant behavior is learned • rewarded for deviant behavior (gangs) • Control Theory (Hirschi) • decisions through cost-benefit analysis • determine punishment/reward/risks • Attachment; commitment; involvement; belief • Culture of Poverty (Banfield) • Lower socioeconomic groups have different values system than dominant class

18. Deviance and Crime • Strain Theory (Merton) *The gap between what “ought to be” and “what is” leaves a person “strained.” • Conformists – agree to societal norms (education, employment, investing….) • Conventional goals through normal means. • Innovators – People with less access to (education) but believe in idea of material success • Adjust goals, extend length of time, find ways outside the norm to achieve goal • Unconventional means to achieve approved goals • Ritualists – Believe in values of society and try to achieve goals when there is no hope of success • Accepts institutional means; reject goals • Rebels – reject values of society (Rosa Parks) • Define new goals and means to achieve the goals • Retreatists - Refuse to follow socially approved means for reaching goals (alcoholism)

19. Deviance and Social Coherence • Labeling Theory • Powerful determine what is deviant • primary deviance (most people take part in – but does little harm to self-concept): If caught – behavior would be excused. Behavior is not part of repertoire of behaviors • secondary deviance Deviant behavior becomes a part of lifestyle • tertiary deviance Once defined by label placed upon us

20. Deviance and Social Coherence • deviance is useful to society(Durkheim) • It affirms cultural norms and values • It clarifies moral boundaries • It heightens group solidarity • It encourages social change

21. Society and Social Deviance • Positive: • Self-evaluation and Change: (tethering of horses) • Clarification and Change: (groups come together for a common cause) • Pressure Valve: Measuring our own behavior against others (obscene gesture vs. shooting driver)

22. Society and Social Deviance • Negative: • Costly $554 billion in the country to combat crime • Disrupts social order • Lack of trust • Structural functionalists: Due to accommodating a changing world (single parent households, teen pregnancy, working parents) • Social Conflict: Opposition has been lawful and peaceful against the dominant group but failed. Caused moral panic and radical groups.

23. Criminal Behavior • Gender based crime • Rape • Juvenile Crime • White collar crimes • Government Crime • Mental Illness • Hate Crimes

24. Crime • The violation of criminal laws enacted by a locality state, or the federal government • Two elements • The act itself • Criminal intent • Crimes against the person • Direct violence, or threat of it • Crimes against property • Involves theft of property • Criminal statistics • Victimization surveys state crime rate is two to four times higher than official reports Sociology, Tenth Edition

25. Crime in the United States But only 50% of all crime is even reported. Fear of perpetrator Certain crimes likely to be victimized again Victims of crimes are usually engaged in their own illegal activity.

26. National Map 8-1 The Risk of Violent Crime across the United States Sociology, Tenth Edition

27. The Street Criminal: a Profile • Age-persons between the ages of 15 and 24 • 14% of population • 39% of arrests for violent crime • 46.8% of property crimes • Gender • 70.1% of property crimes and 82.6% of all violent crimes are committed by males • Social class • Violent crimes committed by a few in poor neighborhoods • White collar and corporate crime committed by more affluent • Race and ethnicity • 69.7% of arrests involve white people • People of color are over criminalized Sociology, Tenth Edition

28. Figure 8-2 Crime Rates in the United States 1960-2000 Sociology, Tenth Edition

29. Justice System • Police: primary point of contact between population and criminal justice system • Lots of discretion • How serious is the crime? • What is the victim’s preference? • Is the suspect cooperative or not? • Have they arrested the suspect before? • Are bystanders present? • What is the suspect’s race? • Courts: plea bargaining often results in pressure to plead guilty • Reduced charge • Reduced sentence • Compromises the adversarial process Sociology, Tenth Edition

30. The Criminal Justice System • Police • Courts • Punishment and Corrections • Prisons Justification • Retribution Moral vengeance inflicted • Deterrence Discourage future criminality • Protection Temporary removal of offender (incarceration) Permanent (execution) • Rehabilitation • The Death Penalty

31. What Does America Think?

32. Rosenhan’s Experiment@ 18 seconds