1 / 33

Introduction

Introduction. What is first aid?. First Aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or  injury. Aim of First Aid . Preserve life Prevent condition from worsening Promote recovery. Responsibilities of A First Aider. Assess situation Protect from danger.

marlis
Download Presentation

Introduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction

  2. What is first aid? • First Aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury

  3. Aim of First Aid • Preserve life • Prevent condition from worsening • Promote recovery

  4. Responsibilities of A First Aider • Assess situation • Protect from danger. • Prevent cross infection. • Comfort and reassure casualties. • Assessment of casualties • Early treatment by priority. • Arrange for appropriate help.

  5. Chain of Survival • What is Chain of Survival? • It is the sequence of actions that will increase chances of survival.

  6. Chain of Survival – 1st Link(Early Recognition and Access) • Recognition of early warning signs, such as chest pain and shortness of breath, that prompts a person to call 995 before collapse.

  7. Chain of survival – 2nd Link(Early CPR) • CPR is Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation • CPR is a temporary intervention that attempts to restore breathing and circulation. • Loses its value if third and fourth link are not rapidly carried out.

  8. Chain of Survival – 3rd Link (Early Defibrillation) • Defibrillation is a process in which an electronic device sends an electric shock to the heart to stop an extremely rapid, irregular heartbeat, and restore normal heart rhythm. • Most effective way to convert ventricular fibrillation (VF) back into normal heart rhythm.

  9. Chain of Survival– 4th Link(Early ACLS) • ACLS is Advanced Cardiac Life Support. • It includes the use of equipment to support ventilation, establish intravenous access, administer drugs control arrhythmias and prepare casualty for transportation.

  10. Chain of Survival Any delay could be fatal or results in poor chance of survival should be avoided!

  11. Primary Survey • Purpose of Primary Survey: • to diagnose and treat life threatening injuries which, if left undiagnosed and untreated, could lead to death • D-R-S-A-B-C-D.

  12. Primary Survey • D forDanger • Check surroundings for danger. • Remove the danger or move the casualty to a safe environment if required.

  13. Primary Survey • RforResponse • Establish level of response. • Firmly taps casualty’s shoulders and ask loudly: “Hello! Hello! Are you Okay?”

  14. Primary Survey • SforShout • If casualty is unresponsive, immediately call out for help: “Help! Call for Ambulance, 995. Get an AED !” • If a phone is available nearby, call ambulance first.

  15. Primary Survey • A for Airway • Head Tilt-Chin Lift manoeurve is effective in opening the airway.

  16. How to do Head Tilt Chin Lift? • Place one hand on the casualty’s forehead and apply pressure to tilt the head back. • Place two fingers of the other hand at the angle of the jaw bone. • Lift the chin forward and support the angle of the jaw, helping to tilt the head back.

  17. Primary Survey • Bfor Breathing (Awake) • Ask casualty to take deep breath and observe chest movement. • Observe for any abnormal speech. • If laboured or painful breathing, expose chest and look for life threatening injuries.

  18. Primary Survey • Bfor Breathing (Unconscious) • While maintaining an open airway, the rescuer will check the casualty's breathing. • Rescuer’s ear over casualty’s mouth and nose. Observe casualty's chest. • LOOK – for chest rise and fall • LISTEN – for air inhalation and exhalation • FEEL – for the flow of air on your cheek

  19. Checking For Breathing

  20. If No breathing, Start CPR.

  21. Primary Survey • C for Circulation • Rapid Body Survey (<30s) for major hemorrhage, treat if found. Perfusion (SCTM) • Skin Colour (Pale/Pink/Cyanosed) • Capillary Refill Time • Temperature (Warm/Cold) • Moisture (Dry/Moist)

  22. Primary Survey • D forDefibrillation • Use of Automated External Defibrillator(AED). • It is a  portable electronic device that diagnose and correct arrhythmia of the heart. • Most effective way to convert ventricular fibrillation back into normal heart rhythm.

  23. Secondary Survey • Systematic process for checking other injuries. • D forDisability • Assess cerebral function. • AVPU • GCS

  24. E forEnvironment/ Examine • Protect from Environment/ Expose to check for injuries • Head-to-Toe

  25. Vital Signs • Level of consciousness (LOC) • Respiration • Pulse • Body Temperature (if required)

  26. History • To find details what happened and any previous history. • SAMPLE • Symptoms Presented • Allergies • Medication • Past Medical History • Last meal • Event history

  27. Reassesment • Vital Signs • Review Wound Dressings or Bandages

  28. CPR Protocol • D-R-S-A-B-C • Check for Danger • Check for Response • Shout for help • Open Airway • Check for Breathing • Chest Compression

  29. CPR • Cycles of 30 Chest Compression : 2 Ventilations

  30. Chest Compression Landmark at lower half of the sternum. Compression rate is at least 100 per minute. Compress at least 5cm Ensure full recoil of the chest after each compression 1&2&3&4&5& 1&2&3&4&10& 1&2&3&4&15 1&2&3&4&20 1&2&3&4&25 1&2&3&4&30

  31. Chest Compression

  32. Chest Compression • Each Ventilation over 1 sec, • just enough to make the chest rise. • Ventilation volume: • 400ml – 600ml.

  33. When to STOP CPR? • Repeat the cycle (30:2) until • Someone can take over • Casualty wake up or show signs of life. • AED analysing rhythm.

More Related