Quebec

1. 1. France’s first successful colony in North America which rested along the shores of the St. Lawrence River and gave the French an excellent settlement for carrying out their fur trade and establishing more settlements along the river. Quebec

2. 2. First successful English colony in North America. Jamestown

3. 3. Cash crop discovered by John Rolfe which became important to Jamestown and probably saved the colony. Tobacco‘s profitability led to many more colonists coming to Virginia. Tobacco

4. 4. Chief who led a confederation of Native Americans in Virginia. After initially going to war with the colonists he eventually negotiated an uneasy peace with them. Powhatan

5. 5. People who agreed to work for a landowner for up to 7 years in exchange for that landowner paying for their trip to North America. After 7 years they were suppose to become landowners themselves. Indentured Servants

6. 6. Rebellion of small farmers, indentured servants, and some slaves in western Virginia led by an aristocrat named Nathaniel Bacon. It involved Bacon’s army fighting Native Americans for land and eventually burning Jamestown to the ground when the governor failed to support their actions. The rebellion eventually faded after Bacon’s death but not until it demonstrated that Virginians wanted a government that represented more than just wealthy few and alerted the colony’s ruling class to the discontent existing in Virginia’s lower class and the need to deal with shortages of land. Bacon's Rebellion

7. 7. A system in which people are owned like property; it became even more important in Virginia after Bacon’s Rebellion. Slavery

8. 8. Economic system that relies on the production of cash crops by huge farms owned by wealthy landowners. It made the South very dependent on slavery. Plantation System

9. 9. The first elected legislative body in the colonies. It was the house of Virginia’s legislature elected by the people. Virginia's House of Burgesses

10. 10. British colonies including Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut. New England Colonies

11. 11. British colonies consisting of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Southern Colonies

12. 12. British colonies including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware. Middle Colonies

13. 13. Crops that are in large demand and provide the bulk of a region’s income. Staple Crops

14. 14. Disagreement with the Anglican Church that led many New England colonists to come to the New World in search of religious freedom and to escape religious persecution. Religious Dissent

15. 15. Religious group that settled New England in hopes of establishing their own community built on “pure biblical teachings” rather than Anglican traditions. They were often not tolerant of others religious beliefs and had great impact on the region of New England. Puritans

16. 16. Meetings in colonial New England where local, tax-paying citizens, would meet to discuss and vote on issues. Town Meetings

17. 17. Religious dissenters who left Massachusetts over disagreement with Puritan church leaders and who played key roles in founding New England. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

18. 18. New England colony founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson. Rhode Island

19. 19. Leader who disagreed with church leaders in Massachusetts and established Connecticut. Thomas Hooker

20. 20. Massachusetts lost its charter in 1684 after years of unrest over religious disagreements. It then became a royal colony in 1691. Massachusetts losing its charter

21. 21. Under the Crown, Massachusetts established a new representative legislature and abolished the requirement that every member must be a member of the Puritan church. Massachusetts Legislature

22. 22. Covenant adopted by the Puritan church that established partial membership in the church for the children and grandchildren of full members regardless of any conversion experience. Church leaders hoped it would lead to younger Puritans eventually seeing the value in full membership thereby forsaking secularism in favor of Puritan teachings. Half-Way Covenant

23. 23. Dark period in Puritan history in which several people in Salem, Mass. were tried as witches and executed. Salem Witch Trial

24. 24. Confrontation between Native Americans and white settlers in New England that resulted in settlers gaining firmer control over the region. King Philip's War

25. 25. Europeans from the Netherlands who founded New Amsterdam. The Dutch

26. 26. Key Dutch settlement at the mouth of the Hudson River that served as a key trading post. New Amsterdam

27. 27. English name given to New Amsterdam after the English took the city from the Dutch. New York

28. 28. Trade that involved European nations bringing black slaves from Africa and selling them in the Americas. Atlantic Slave Trade

29. 29. Over-ocean route traveled by slaves from Africa to the Americas. Middle Passage

30. 30. Ability of someone to move from one social status to another through hard work. Social Mobility

31. 31. A belief in the worth and potential of each individual despite what class a person is born into. It is closely associated with a belief that each individual is able to achieve success if they work hard. Individualism

32. 32. Great inventor, scientist, ambassador, writer and US founding father who was also an example of individualism and social mobility in the colonies. Ben Franklin

33. 33. A religious movement that featured passionate preaching from evangelists who believed that colonists needed to be called back to “sincere Christian commitment.” It helped establish separation of church and state as a valued colonial principle. First Great Awakening

34. 34. Theory common in the colonial period which taught that countries needed to export more goods than they imported in order to gain wealth and remain secure. Mercantilism

35. 35. Trade between the colonies and Great Britain. Transatlantic Trade

36. 36. Treaty ending the French and Indian War that resulted in Great Britain winning control of France’s claims in Canada and east of the Mississippi River and Florida. Treaty of Paris, 1763

37. 37. War between the British and French (and their Native American allies) that was fought for control of eastern North America. The British eventually won. French and Indian War

38. 38. British tax on printed material in the colonies that outraged colonists, resulted in boycotts against British goods, and eventually helped lead to colonial calls for independence. Stamp Act

39. 39. Proclamation made by King George III which forbade colonists from moving into territory west of the Appalachian Mountains. It outraged many colonists. Proclamation of 1763

40. 40. Groups that formed to help enforce colonial boycotts against British goods in response to the Stamp Act. The Sons of Liberty used violence and intimidation to enforce the boycotts while the Daughters of Liberty used their skills to weave fabric and other products that were usually bought from Britain. Sons and Daughters of Liberty

41. 41. Colonial groups dedicated to organizing resistance against British laws and made sure that colonists remained discontent with British rule. Committees of Correspondence

42. 42. Where the first shots of the American Revolution were fired. Lexington and Concord (Mass.)

43. 43. Harsh laws passed by Great Britain after Boston Tea Party which closed Boston Harbor, placed a military governor over Massachusetts, and expanded the Canadian border, taking land away from certain colonies. Intolerable Acts

44. 44. Author of Common Sense. Thomas Payne

45. 45. Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that won many colonists to the cause of independence. Common Sense