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The 1920’s (The Roaring Twenties, The Jazz Age, The Age of Ballyhoo)

Unit 4 Notes. The 1920’s (The Roaring Twenties, The Jazz Age, The Age of Ballyhoo). The White House. A. Wilson’s Administration 1. Americans were fed up with falling wages, unemployment, and rising prices due to the post WWI economy

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The 1920’s (The Roaring Twenties, The Jazz Age, The Age of Ballyhoo)

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  1. Unit 4 Notes The 1920’s (The Roaring Twenties, The Jazz Age, The Age of Ballyhoo)

  2. The White House • A. Wilson’s Administration • 1. Americans were fed up with falling wages, unemployment, and rising prices due to the post WWI economy • 2. Most people wanted to put anything associated with the war behind them

  3. B. Election of 1920 - Republicans were once again united and nominated Warren G. • Harding “I am not fit for this office and never should have been here.” • 1. The country was a mess right after WWI and Harding planned to return U.S. to “normalcy” • a. Isolationism, nativism, lassaiz-faire economics

  4. C. The Harding Administration (1920-1923) “The Ohio Gang” • - more likely to drink, smoke, & play poker than work for taxpayers • 1. Promoting Economic Growth • - Veterans Bureau created to compensate for lost wages for returning vets • a. by 1923 unemployment was low, postwar recession was over, and overall the economy was experiencing major growth (stock market)

  5. 2. Harding’s Scandals • a. Charles Forbes of Vet. Bureau sold medicine and land for himself ($250 million), he later fled to Europe after the V.B. attorney committed suicide • b. Attorney General Harry Daugherty resigned after taking bribes and kickbacks from bootleggers (eventually was acquitted) • c. Teapot Dome Scandal, Albert Fall (Sec. of Interior) accepted bribes for leasing gov. oil reserves to private companies in Teapot Dome, WY and Elk Hills, CA (Fall went to prison in 1924)

  6. D. The Coolidge Administration (1923-1928) “Keep cool with Coolidge.” • -V.P. for Harding, wins election in 1924, complete opposite of Harding • - "I've noticed that nothing I've never said has hurt me." • 1. “Silent Cal” wanted to fix the damage done by the Ohio Gang • 2. Very conservative and in favor of big business, as a result economy was prosperous • 3. Liked to nap up to 4 hours after lunch everyday

  7. E. The Hoover Administration (1928-1932) • - won election after Coolidge decided not to run again • 1. Opposition was weak and economy was doing well so Americans chose to stick with the Republicans • 2. “We are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land.” “I have no fears for the future of our country. It is bright with hope.”

  8. II. Postwar Troubles A. Rapid Demobilization - shift from wartime to peacetime production 1. The end of WWI caught U.S. by surprise and caused a brief recession from 1920-1921 a. women were forced to give up jobs for veterans b. cost of living rose quickly as people spent money they saved during WWI c. wartime industries had to find new customers and farmers lost wartime markets

  9. B. Labor Strikes - inflation was out of control, workers demanded higher wages, factories shut down or reduced labor force 1. Seattle General Strike (1919) - workers from several industries walked off their jobs for 5 days and accomplished nothing, Bolsheviks were blamed 2. Boston Police Strike (1919) - 75% of police went on strike and riots broke out, the commissioner replaced the police force, "There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time."

  10. C. The Red Scare - the fear of the spread of communism 1. Bolshevik Rev. in 1917 called for a worldwide revolution of workers and Americans believed the strikes of 1919 were related 2. Communists were accused of running women’s organizations and labor unions, physical violence was often used against suspected Com.

  11. 3. Palmer Raids a. Immigrants were suspected of sending mail bombs to gov. officials, J. Edgar Hoover (FBI) deported over 500 immigrants b. Sacco & Vanzetti

  12. III. The Jazz Age • A. Creative Era • - the 20’s were a decade of great creativity especially from African Americans in the south • 1. Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, “Jelly Roll” Morton • a. George Gershwin, Igor Stravinsky

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2VCwBzGdPM&feature=fvwrel • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDQpZT3GhDg

  14. B. The Harlem Renaissance • - Display of the arts by African Americans (musicians, actors, writers, artists) • 1. Named for the NYC neighborhood where African American entertainment flourished • a. Paul Robeson, Langston Hughes, Rose McClendon

  15. C. The Lost Generation • - Writers that were angered and disappointed with American Society in the years after WWI • 1. They wrote about the destruction and waste of WWI, also about domestic problems in U.S. • a. Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald

  16. D. Mass Media • - Radio, movies, newspapers, magazines • 1. Helped to influence people to buy the same things, watch the same movies, and listen to the same music • a. “streamlining” became popular to make products and architecture look more modern • b. planned obsolescence is the practice of designing products that are intended to go out of style • c. skyscrapers became necessary to build cities upward rather than outward (Frank Lloyd Wright & Empire State Building)

  17. IV. A Nation Divided By Race • A. Native Americans • - they fought to keep tribal lands and were finally granted citizenship in 1924 • B. African Americans • - population in north doubled in 10 yrs., discrimination was just as harsh

  18. 1. Ku Klux Klan • - attracted new members in the 20’s due to anti-immigrant and prejudice attitudes, by 1930 membership had greatly decreased • 2. Black Nationalism • - movement by Marcus Garvey encouraging African Americans to be proud of their race and stand up for equality • a. Chicago Race Riots • - a week long riot broke out in Chicago when a young boy drowned and police refused to do anything, violence spread to other cities

  19. C. National Origins Act (1924) also known as Immigration Act of 1924 • - Quotas established for Europeans, Asians not allowed at all, Western Hem. was exempt

  20. V. Entertainment and Changing Attitudes • A. Radio & Movies • - more money, more leisure time, and more technology made them popular • 1. NBC and CBS • a. music, sports, comedy shows, soap operas • 2. The Jazz Singer (1927) was the first “talkie”

  21. B. Heros and Fads • 1. Babe Ruth, Gertrude Ederle, Jim Thorpe, Jack Dempsey, Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart • 2. yo-yo’s, roller skating, dance marathons, radio, 3-D movies, gold fish eating, flagpole sitting

  22. C. The New Woman • - 1920’s brought a change in women’s behavior, attitude, and dress • 1. Flappers were women who wore shorter skirts, cut their hair, wore make-up, smoked cigarettes, etc. • a. this rejection of traditional values was seen as immoral, such things as watching romantic movies, and dancing cheek to-cheek

  23. D. Prohibition • - 18th Amendment (1919) repealed by 21st Amendment (1933) • 2. Volstead Act created to enforce the unpopular law • 3. Bootlegging & Speakeasies • a. Al Capone & Elliot Ness

  24. E. Fundamentalism - creationism vs. evolutionism • 1. The “Monkey Trial” • - John Scopes taught evolution in school, put on trial and found guilty

  25. VI. Automobile Industry • A. Henry Ford & the “Horseless Carriage” • - assembly line tech. helped make the Model T (Tin Lizzie) more affordable • 1. Ford paid workers $5 per day for an 8 hr. workday • 2. By 1930 cars, trucks, & buses almost completely replaced the horse and buggy

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