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UNIT-III PETROLOGY

UNIT-III PETROLOGY. This lecture will help you to understand……. Features of rock – formation, abundance and variety in the earths crust. Mode of formation. Important rock groups and its classification. Importance of petrology for civil engineering. Structure of the Earth. Crust (0-35 km)

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UNIT-III PETROLOGY

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  1. UNIT-IIIPETROLOGY

  2. This lecture will help you to understand…… • Features of rock – formation, abundance and variety in the earths crust. • Mode of formation. • Important rock groups and its classification. • Importance of petrology for civil engineering.

  3. Structure of the Earth • Crust (0-35 km) • Mantle (35-2898 km) • Core (2898-6370)

  4. ROCKS IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC 1.Plutonic 2.Hypabyssal 3.Volcanic 1.Fragmental 2.Chemical 3.Organic 1.Thermal 2.Dynamothermal

  5. 1. IGNEOUS ROCKS • Formed by the consolidation of magma • Mode of formation intruded or extruded • Extruded- external rock formation during lava flow • Intruded-internal rock formation inside older rocks • Extruded-Extrusive rocks • Intruded-Intrusive rocks • Examples for intrusive rocks- Plutonic and hypabyssal rocks • Igneous rocks classification • 1.Acidic-rich in alumina • 2.Basic-Rich in iron oxide and magnesia

  6. 2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Made of fragments and particles derived from older rocks. • Usually cross bedded or false bedded structure. • Fossiliferous • Texture mainly depends on conditions under which the sediments deposited. • Coarse grain sedimentary rocks-shallow water deposition • Coarse grain chemically formed rock-crystallisation of material dissolved in water • Major classification • 1.fragmental or sedimentary deposits • 2.chemical deposits • 3.organic deposits

  7. 3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS • Rocks which undergone some physical or chemical change give birth to metamorphic rock • metamorphic – “change in form” • Rock resembles the parent rock with some altered characters due to the reaction of external agents • Agents responsible for metamorphism • Addition of heat • Operation of pressure due to chemical agents • Temperature • Process involved in metamorphism • Thermal metamorphism – Effect on heat with depth • Dynamo thermal metamorphism – combination of pressure and heat

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