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Please be Seated

Please be Seated. Physics is Phun November 2005. Einstein and the 2005 Year of Physics. In 1905, at the age of 25, Einstein published papers on Brownian Motion, the Photoelectric Effect, and Relativity. This achievement has been called the most productive year for any scientist, ever.

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Please be Seated

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  1. PleasebeSeated

  2. Physics is PhunNovember 2005 Einstein and the 2005 Year of Physics

  3. In 1905, at the age of 25,Einstein published papers on Brownian Motion, the Photoelectric Effect, and Relativity.

  4. This achievementhas been called the most productive yearfor any scientist,ever.

  5. The centennialof this eventis celebrated as the2005 Year of Physics

  6. Quote of the Century:"The word ‘genius’ isn'tapplicable in football. A geniusis a guy like Norman Einstein."--Joe Theismann, NFL footballquarterback & sports analyst.

  7. In the matter of physics, the first lessons should contain nothing but what is experimental and interesting to see. A pretty experiment is in itself often more valuable than twenty formulae extracted from our minds. -Albert Einstein

  8. Some Reference materials:National Science Foundation web siteAmerican Association of Physics Teachers web siteUniversity of Maryland Physics Question of the Week web site

  9. Topics for this evening: • Brownian Motion • The Photoelectric Effect • Relativity

  10. Brownian motion: is the small molecular motion inherent in all molecules, even at the lowest possible temperature.

  11. Discovered by botanistRobert Browne (1773-1858)“..in 1827. The story goes that Brown was studying pollen particles floating in water under the microscope.” From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

  12. Brownian Motionof smoke particlesdemonstration

  13. Java appletofBrownian motion

  14. Mechanical ModelofBrownian Motion

  15. “More accurate” description: statistical fluctuations requiring ~10,000 net molecular collisions to change particle motion.

  16. Implications ofBrownian Motion: • Air pressure • Diffusion of gases

  17. Reducing Brownian Motion Minimizing molecular motion in atomic clocks increases accuracy of clocks and GPS.

  18. William Phillips Professor of Physics, University of Maryland Nobel prize in 1997 for Laser cooling of atoms Video showing magnetically trapped block of cesium atoms

  19. The Photoelectric Effect: describes the particle behavior of light.

  20. Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physicsfor work on thePhotoelectric Effect

  21. Ef = h fE = photon energyh = Planck’s constant (~6.6x10-34 Joule-sec)f = light frequency

  22. KEe = Ef – W = hf - W A single photon of light is absorbed by an electron, causing it to be ejected from the surface of the metal. Graphic from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

  23. Demonstrations • Photoelectric effect • in zinc • 2. Full photoelectric effect

  24. Applications: Solar power Solar engines Solar switches “Hydrogen” economy

  25. 2005 Nobel prizein Physics toGlauber, Hall, & Haensch(application of quantum nature of light to build atomic clocks to 10-15 accuracy and thus improve GPS accuracy )

  26. Relativity: deals in part with frames of reference and how we view physical phenomena.

  27. When might a physics experiment be correct? Physics experiments are fully accurate only in an inertial frame of reference or in a local inertial frame.

  28. Galilean Relativityand theFunnel Cart Demonstration

  29. Local inertialframe of referencedemonstration

  30. Einstein’sfavorite demonstration

  31. The Speed of Lightand the search for aPreferred Inertial Frame of Reference

  32. TheMichelson-Morleyexperiment

  33. 1. There is NO preferred frame of reference.

  34. 2. Thespeed of Lightis the same in allinertial frames

  35. Applicationsof Relativity

  36. Michelson Interferometerwith White Light Color Mixing:W = R + G + BW – R = G + B = CW – G = R + B = MW – B = R + G = Y

  37. Michelson Interferometer setup using White Light

  38. Michelson InterferometerwithWhite Light

  39. Michelson InterferometerwithWhite Light Full motion of mirror for this video ~10 μ = 0.000,010m = 0.01 mm

  40. The EndSee you in January! We are on the web at http://www.physics.umd.edu/lecdem/ Animated Gifs compliments of bellsnwhistles.com

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