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CHEMICAL EQUATIONS. The process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. Reactions are represented by a chemical equation Reactants Products Must have the same number and type of atoms on both sides of the equation. Synthesis Reactions.
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CHEMICAL EQUATIONS The process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances
Reactions are represented by a chemical equation • Reactants Products • Must have the same number and type of atoms on both sides of the equation
Synthesis Reactions • Two reactants produce one product • Examples: NH3 + HCl NH4Cl H2 + O2 H2O Ag + S Ag2S Al + Cl2 AlCl3
Decomposition • One reactant produces two products • Examples Ag2O Ag + O2 PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 H2O2 H2O + O2 CuO Cu + O2
Single Displacement • One element and one compound producing a different element and compound • Examples Fe + H3(PO4) H2 + Fe3(PO4)2 H2 + CuO Cu + H2O Zn + HCl H2 + ZnCl2 Cl2 + KBr Br2 + KCl
Double Displacement • Two compounds producing two different compounds • Examples: Al(NO3)3 + NaOH Al(OH)3 + NaNO3 PbCl2 + Li2SO4 PbSO4 + LiCl ZnBr2 + AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + AgBr BaCl2 + KIO3 Ba(IO3)2 + KCl
Combustion A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water Examples: CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Chemical Equations from Names • magnesium and hydrogen chloride produce hydrogen and magnesium chloride • calcium hydroxide and lithium chloride produce lithium hydroxide and calcium chloride • decompose copper (II) oxide into copper and oxygen • aluminum and iron (III) oxide produce iron and aluminum oxide • combustion of butane (C4H10) in air to produce carbon dioxide and water
Predict the Product Magnesium and nitrogen Copper II oxide is decomposed into its elements Chlorine and potassium bromide Calcium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfate Iron (III) chloride and sodium hydroxide Methane is combusted in air
SOLUBILITY RULES • All common salts of Group I elements and ammonium are soluble • All common acetates and nitrates are soluble • All binary compounds of Group 7 (other than F) with metals are soluble except those of silver, mercury I and lead • All sulfates are soluble except those of barium, strontium, calcium, silver, mercury I and lead • Except for those in Rule 1, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, sulfides and phosphates are insoluble