The Progressive Era

1. The Progressive Era US History Mr. Basich

2. Section 1: Objectives • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Explain the four goals of progressivism • 2. Summarize progressive efforts to clean up government • 3. Identify progressive efforts to reform state government, protect workers, and reform elections.

3. Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism: Main Idea: Political, economic, and social change in the late 19th Century American led to broad progressive reforms. Why it Matters Now: Progressive reforms in areas such as labor and voting rights reinforced democratic principles that continue to exist today. Key Terms: Progressive Movement Prohibition Muckracker Initiative Key Terms / Names: Referendum Recall Seventeenth Amendment

4. United States: 1901 – William McKinley is assassinated 1909 – NAACP is founded 1919 – 18th Amendment outlaws alcoholic drinks 1920 – 19th Amendment grants women the right to vote. World: 1889 – Eiffel Tower opens for visitors 1910 – Mexican Revolution begins 1914 – WW I Begins in Europe Timeline: What’s Going On – US and World

5. 20 How is everyone feeling today? • Great • Good • Average • Not so good • Bad

6. Origins of Progressivism: • Progressive Movement - Aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct the injustices in American life. • These were the problems: • Economic inequities • Environmental issues • Social welfare • Working conditions • Rights for women and children

7. Four Goals of Reformers (Progressivism) • Protect social welfare • Promote moral development • Secure economic reform • Foster efficiency

8. Promote Moral Development: • Many reformers felt that alcohol was undermining American morals. • Prohibition – the banning of alcoholic beverages. • Many groups fought this (saloons, and restaurants) • Later in the 1920’s there would be a much bigger prohibition movement.

9. Muckrakers Criticize Big Business: • Investigative journalists, known as “Muckrakers,” exposed corruption in business. • Example: • Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil Company’s cut-throat methods of eliminating competition. (vertical and horizontal integration)

11. Regulating Big Business: • Many businesses were attacked by politicians for being “crooked” • They aimed to reform: • Shipping rates • No free passes for business officials • Same taxes for everyone • Limits on child labor • Reduced work hours

12. :20 Why was the workday limited for both men and women? • Because the workers didn’t want to work so many hours • Because the workers were being taken advantage of • Because the workers needed less money to live • None of the above

13. Election Reform: • The people wanted a voice in politics • Initiatives – voters could create a bill rather than lawmakers • Referendums– Voters accepted or rejected the initiative • Recalls –Enabled voters to force out public officials by having them face another election

14. :20 Why was election reform a victory for the people? • Because they didn’t approve of the government • It gave them a voice in politics • The people wanted to overpower the government • All of the above are true

15. Direct Election of Senators: • Before 1913, each state’s legislature had chosen U.S. senators. • To force senators to be more responsive to the public, Progressives pushed for the popular (vote) election of senators. • As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment –the people elect the senators of their state. Before 1913 the people had no say in the election of senators

16. Did We Meet Our Objectives? • Can You: • 1. Explain the four goals of progressivism • 2. Summarize progressive efforts to clean up government • 3. Identify progressive efforts to reform state government, protect workers, and reform elections.

17. Section 2: Objectives • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Describe the growing presence of women in the workforce at the turn of the 20th Century. • 2. Identify leaders of the woman suffrage movement • 3. Explain how woman suffrage was achieved.

18. Section 2: Women in Public Life Main Idea: As a result to social and economic change, many women entered public life as workers and reformers. Why it Matters Now: Women won new opportunities in labor and education that are enjoyed today. Key Terms: NACW Suffrage Key Names: Susan B. Anthony

19. 20 This is my favorite High School fall sport to watch: • Soccer • Football • Tennis • Volleyball • Cross Country

20. Women in the Workforce / Education: • Opportunities for women increased especially in the cities. By 1900, one out of five women worked. • The garment industry was popular as were office work, retail, and education • They made less $ per hour than men (for the same jobs!) • Women also began to seek higher education

22. :20 Which ONE of these reasons explains why women started to gain more power? • They started to work alongside the men • They attended college • They attended high school • These are all reasons why women started to gain more power

23. Susan B. Anthony: • Women also pushed for equal voting rights • Susan B. Anthony was a leading advocate of women’s Suffrage – the right to vote. • In 1869 Anthony and Cady Stanton founded the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA)– a group committed to gaining women’s suffrage • Many men feared the changing role of women in society. WHY?

25. A 3-Part Strategy For Suffrage: • Suffragist leaders tried three approaches to winning the vote: • Convincing state legislatures to adopt the vote. • Pursuing court cases to test 14th Amendment. • Pushing for national Constitutional amendment.

26. What Was The Outcome? • In 1875, The Supreme Court ruled that women were indeed citizens but denied that citizenship automatically allowed the right to vote. • For the next 40 years, other measures were voted down time and time again. • Women will not gain the right to vote until 1920!

27. 20 Why do you think that women had such a difficult time gaining the right to vote? • Traditions are tough to break • Most men didn’t want women to have equal rights • Government and local offices were run by men • All of the above are true

28. Did We Meet Our Objectives? • Can You: • 1. Describe the growing presence of women in the workforce at the turn of the 20th Century. • 2. Identify leaders of the woman suffrage movement • 3. Explain how woman’s suffrage was achieved

29. Section 3: Objectives • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Describe the events of Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency • 2. Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to regulate business • 3. Identify laws passed to protect public health and the environment

30. Section 3: Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Main Idea: As President, Theodore Roosevelt worked to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms. Why it Matters Now: As part of his Square Deal, Roosevelt’s conservation efforts made a permanent impact on environmental resources. Key Terms: The Jungle Square Deal Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Conservation Key Names: Upton Sinclair Theodore Roosevelt

31. Teddy Roosevelt • Teddy Roosevelt was not supposed to be the president…. • But when President William McKinley was assassinated six months into his second term, Theodore Roosevelt became the nation’s 26th president • He was a rough and tumble politician that spoke what was on his mind

32. The Square Deal: • Roosevelt saw the presidency as a “bully pulpit” – used his role as president to do what he wanted to do. • He responded by created The Square Deal – The term is used as a to describe the various progressive reforms sponsored by the Roosevelt administration.

34. Upton Sinclair: The Jungle • Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle in 1906. • The book focused on the sickening conditions of the meatpacking industry. • The book made quite the impression on Theodore Roosevelt. • He promised to fix the problems of mass production in the US. • After reading the book he passed the Meat Inspection Act – reformed meatpacking conditions (1906)

36. The Jungle: Excerpt – Class Discussion • 1. How does Jurgis react to the tour of Dunham’s meatpacking plant? • 2. In your own words, describe how working in a meatpacking plant affects Ona and Elzbieta. • 3. In your opinion, which details in this excerpt most convincingly highlight problems in the meatpacking industry in the early 1900’s. • 4. Based on your reading of this excerpt, why do you think Sinclair titled his novel The Jungle?

37. Pure Food and Drug Act: • Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act • Companies were promising their products to do everything from curing cancer, to growing more hair. • Popular children’s medicines contained opium, cocaine, and alcohol. • Expiration dates were also included on canned food. I’m sure these worked pretty well….

38. Using Federal Power: Trust busting: • By 1900, Trusts– legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies – controlled 80% of U.S. industries. • Roosevelt filed 44 antitrust suits under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act • The goal was to break up unfair business practices.

39. Roosevelt’s Environmental Accomplishments: • Roosevelt set aside millions of acres of wilderness during his presidency • Conservation – some wilderness areas would be preserved, while others would be developed for the common good. • Later presidents and advisors would aim to open this land for business Yellowstone National Park - Wyoming

41. Did We Meet Our Objectives? • Can You: • 1. Describe the events of Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency • 2. Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to regulate business • 3. Identify laws passed to protect public health and the environment

42. Section 4: Objectives • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Summarize the events of the Taft presidency. • 2. Explain the division in the Republican party. • 3. Describe the election of 1912.

43. Section 4: Progressivism Under Taft Main Idea: Taft’s ambivalent approach to progressive reform led to a split in the Republican Party and the loss of the presidency to the Democrats. Why it Matters Now: Third-party candidates continue to wrestle with how to become viable candidates. Key Terms: Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bull Moose Party Key Names: Gifford Pinchot William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

44. 20 At my present age, this is how I feel about dressing up for Halloween: • I love it!! • It’s fun but not imperative • I’m indifferent • I don’t like it • It is highly uncivilized

45. After Roosevelt: • Roosevelt was president for 8 years and accomplished a lot. • Some of Roosevelt’s policies came under scrutiny from various organizations. • Gifford Pinchot head of the US Forest Service came under fire for conserving so much land for preservation. • Others were starting to see the land as a great opportunity for development and growth (Taft) • Now William Howard Taft would have his chance at the presidency

47. :20 Why was the topic of conservation important at this time? • The land wasn’t bringing in any money • New opportunities could be had • Many people couldn’t even use all of the open space that was available • All of the above

48. The Republican Party Splits: • As time went on, Taft couldn’t hold the two wings (conservatives and reformers) of the Republican Party together. • Voters started to blame Taft for the rising costs of living and loss of conservation of land • Roosevelt is going to make a come back!!

49. Turn and Talk: 3 minutes • Do you feel that Americans today are blaming President Obama for the problems our country is presently dealing with? • Do you feel that they are justified in their actions? Why or why not? • Is there someone or something else that we should be “blaming” our country’s problems on?

50. 20 Why did Taft have trouble keeping the Republican Party together? • They didn’t like Taft • They wanted higher tariffs • The progressives and reformers didn’t agree on policy • None of the above