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Unit Operations Lecture 20

Unit Operations Lecture 20. 7 Nov 2012. McCabe-Thiele – AZ diagrams. Ethanol – Water Binary (1.013 bar):. Overview. Review rigorous methods / RADFRAC Multicomponent systems: Residue curves DSTWU / RADFRAC Rules of thumb Complex (Enhanced) distillation Column internals

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Unit Operations Lecture 20

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  1. Unit Operations Lecture 20 7 Nov 2012

  2. McCabe-Thiele – AZ diagrams Ethanol – Water Binary (1.013 bar):

  3. Overview • Review rigorous methods / RADFRAC • Multicomponent systems: • Residue curves • DSTWU / RADFRAC • Rules of thumb • Complex (Enhanced) distillation • Column internals • Batch distillation

  4. Azeotropic Distillation Perry’s 8th ed.

  5. AzeotropicDistillation • Water with (binary system at atmospheric P): • methanol - no azeotrope • ethanol - azeotrope • propanol - azeotrope • In-class exercise: • using Aspen Plus, explore if we can use distillation to separate the binary mixture of water and n-butanol.

  6. Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation VLLE (NRTL)

  7. Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Perry’s 8th ed.

  8. Residue Curve Maps

  9. Complex Multicomponent Systems

  10. Pressure Swing Distillation

  11. Pressure Swing Distillation

  12. Complex or Enhanced Distillation • Extractive Distillation • Higher boiling solvent • Enters near top of column • Interacts with other components to affect volatility or activity coefficients • Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation • Add entrainer that forms min/max boiling point AZ w/ 1 or more of feed compds • Added near top or bottom, depending upon if AZ is min or max BP • Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation • Add entrainer to form min BP heterogeneous azeotrope (EtOH-H2O + benzene) • Pressure – Swing Distillation • For pressure sensitive azeotropes and distillation boundaries • Salt Distillation • Alter relative volatilities of feed compds by dissolving a soluble ionic salt into the reflux • Steam Distillation • Steam is added to reduce temperature of distilling organic mixture • Reactive Distillation • add reactant &/or catalyst to cause a reversible/selective reaction with one of the feed components • Reaction and distillation occur in same vessel

  13. Reactive Distillation • Esterification of acetic acid with ethanol to ethyl acetate and water

  14. Column Internals

  15. Column Internals

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