RFNC-VNIITF

1. Electrochemical Sensors and Instruments for Environmental Monitoring, Food Quality and Medical Diagnostics IVA Ltd., Russia RFNC-VNIITF

2. Laboratory Stripping Voltammetric • Analyzer “IVA-5” Application: Determination of toxic elements (copper, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, selenium and mercury) concentration in water (natural, tap and wastes), food, edible raw and biological materials (blood, urine and serum). Standard Equipment: Electronic module, stirrer, electrochemical cell, set of electrodes, software, and certified methods for quantitative analysis. The following electrodes are used: working - impregnated graphite or thick film graphite, auxiliary - glassy carbon and reference - silver-silver chloride. Additional (the 4th ) electrode may be introduced into the cell for sample preparation if need arises. Basic Specifications: -A concentration range from 0.5to 10 000 μg/l; -Analysis duration l5- 45 minutes; -220 V, 50 Hz a.c. mains; -Power consumption, 60 W. • Certified in Russian Federation,№9953. RFNC-VNIITF

3. Types: • Impregnated graphite electrodes (1); • Thick film graphite electrode (TFGE) (2); • TFGE’s, modified with different compounds; • Four-electrode electrochemical sensor (3) • Features: • low detection limit (0.5 ppb, in some cases 0.1 ppb); • elimination of mercury and amalgamated metallic electrodes; • electrochemical regeneration of the electrode surface; • registration of the signal without removal of dissolved oxygen; • analysis of high saline waters without matrix separation; • using TFGE with laboratory or field (portable) instruments; • low cost. • Applications: • The sensors offered are universa,l which gives the chance to use them in different fields, for example, in hydrochemistry, environmental monitoring, biology, medicine and food analysis, in processing lines. Graphite Sensors for Stripping Voltammetry RFNC-VNIITF

4. Computer-aided flow-through discrete analyzer type IVA-7 The flow-through discrete on-line system type IVA-7 for automatic monitoring of water quality is designed. Stripping Voltammetry is used for measuring of copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, chromiumwith the use of long-lived graphite sensor with replaceable surface.Potentiometry is used for measuring of pH, red-ox potential, Cl- ions concentration with ion-selective electrodes. PC controls the whole process. Software ensures of automatic detection of analytical signals (responses) and concentration calculation. The software realizes methods of analysis, controls all functional units of the on-line system, and also processes and stores the experimental results. The flow through analyzer developed multifunctional one. It can be used as a base for development special systems adopted to real conditions in hydrochemistry, environmental monitoring, processing lines. RFNC-VNIITF

5. Antioxidant Activity Meter • Oxidative stress affects the functioning of all organ systems. Many diseases are associated with oxidative stress. Among them are atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases. There are many environmental sources of oxidative stress such as ionizing irradiation, sun exposure, cosmic rays, and toxins like lead, mercury, and cadmium. • It is of great importance to detect oxidative stress for on-site and in the laboratory medical diagnostics of health disorder as a sequence of irradiation, disease, aging and for correct choice and doses of pharmaceuticals. • Any methodology which can measure oxidant/antioxidant balance will have an enormous impact on biological research with potential for improving the medical care of patients with a wide variety of diseases. • Antioxidants can be found in foods, such as fruits and vegetables, green tea. Antioxidant activity of food measurements may be used for optimizing food technologies. • Antioxidant Activity Meter functions are: • - Evaluation of antioxidant state of human body for early diagnostic of health disorder, detection of oxidative stress as a result of irradiation, lack of vitamins and antioxidants in the body, to detect oxidative stress in the surgical and hemodyalisis processes. • - Evaluation of antioxidant activity of food (juices, beer, wine, tea, coffee, etc.) and bioactive nutrients. The compact handheld Antioxidant Activity Meter will provide a quick and efficient method of testing of antioxidant activity in human body liquids and food. It will include the internal electronics, software, interconnecting cable and sensor. Sensor and instrument will be designed for use in medicine, in food and nutrients industry and in family life as well. RFNC-VNIITF

6. The approach proposed for AOA determination can be applied to food analysis. RFNC-VNIITF

7. THE MICROELEMENTAL STATUS OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM Clinical physicians have long been acquainted with diseases, syndromes and pathologic conditions caused by an excess, a deficit or an unbalance of microelements in the human organism. However, the overwhelming majority of those malfunctions are not registered nor diagnosed because of a scarcity (lack) or complexity of monitoring means. The evaluation of the microelemental status of an organism calls for creation of inexpensive, simple, sensitive and rapid diagnostic methods and instruments supporting such methods. Electrochemical methods of analysis show great promise in solution of these tasks. This statement is confirmed by a high sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical methods, simplicity of the hardware, the use in laboratory and field (on-site) conditions, the possibility of creating portable instruments, and a low cost of analysis compared to other methods. We propose thick-film graphite-containing electrodes (TFGE's) for stripping voltammetric determination of of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc ions concentration in whole blood. "IVA-5" analyzer produced by the "IVA" Co. Ltd.. (Ekaterinburg) is used. The reliability of results is confirmed by their agreement with values found by independent methods. RFNC-VNIITF

8. Non-enzymatic Urea Sensor The advantage of enzymatic sensors is high selectivity (urea biosensors), disadvantage is connected with logarithmic response on urea concentration when pH measured and unstability of enzymes. We propose new non-enzymatic urea sensor based on solid phase catalytic reaction. Electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry or chronoamperometry) response is measured. Sensor consists of thick film graphite electrode produced by “IVA” Ltd.. Electrode contains catalytic system immobilized on its surface or in the bulk of conducting layer. RFNC-VNIITF

9. Urea, mM (non enzymatic sensor) Urea, mM (enzymatic sensor) Urea, mM (non enzymatic sensor) Urea, mM (enzymatic sensor) RFNC-VNIITF

10. Electrochemical Immunosensor based on Metal labeled Protein Encephalitis is an inflammatory disease of the brain having the infectious or allergic origin. In 60s and 70s the virus of forest-spring encephalitis struck the Far East of Russia. Early in 90s the epidemic of this disease broke out in the Ural region. Late in 90s forest-spring encephalitis advanced to the center of Russia. Several cases were registered in Europe and USA. The disease is accompanied by neurological symptoms. There are disturbance of conscience,mental disorder or local brain damage. The disease can take the chronic form. The goal of this study was to develop small-size, cheap, easy to use sensor for diagnostics of forest-spring encephalitis. Results of specific antibody determination in serum bydifferent methods Concentration 9 antibody *105 mg/ml. 8 7 ELISA-method Chronoamperometric Sensor based on peroxidase horse-radish labeled protein Voltammetric Sensor based on Gold labeled protein 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 New electrochemical immunosensor includes TFGE (transducer) and antigens of forest spring encephalitis virus, immobilized on its surface (biorecognition substance). Formation of immunocomplex antigen-antibody, localization of gold labeled Protein A on its surface and electrochemical gold determination provides information on Ab concentration. RFNC-VNIITF

11. - Products are on the Market, ISTC Projects № 342-1; 342-2. - Products are in Development, ISTC Projects № 342-2; 342-3. -Research stage, ISTC Projects № 342-3; 2132; Independent research.