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The History of the Cell The Properties of Life

The History of the Cell The Properties of Life. Biology Department Hampton High School SOL BIO 2a. 1665 . Robert Hooke builds a microscope Discovers cells while looking at cork The invention of the microscope helped in the discovery of chromosomes. 1675.

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The History of the Cell The Properties of Life

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  1. The History of the CellThe Properties of Life Biology Department Hampton High School SOL BIO 2a

  2. 1665 • Robert Hooke builds a microscope • Discovers cells while looking at cork • The invention of the microscope helped in the discovery of chromosomes.

  3. 1675 • Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw protists in pond water

  4. 1772 • Joseph Priestly demonstrates that oxygen is produced by plants

  5. 1839 • Theodor Schwann shows that all animal tissue is made of cells

  6. 1839 • Matthias Schleiden identifies cell parts in plants: • Membrane • nucleus

  7. 1855 • Rudolf Virchow states that any cell came from a preexisting cell • Reproduction is the process by which living things make more of their own kind. • Mitosis and Meiosis - processes to make more body cells and sex cells

  8. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of one or more cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms • All cells arise from existing cells

  9. 2 Types of Cells Eukaryote (can be both unicellular and multicellular) Prokaryote (unicellular)

  10. Eukaryotes • 4 kingdoms that contain eukaryotes are Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia • Cells with: Nucleus Organelles • Enclosed DNA • Larger cell

  11. Prokaryotes Cells with no nucleus Unicellular No organelles Free DNA Bacteria cell Monera Kingdom: Archaebacteria & Eubacteria (Autotrophs and heterotrophs)

  12. All Living Things • Monera Kingdom: Archaebacteria • Monera Kingdom: Eubacteria • Protista Kingdom • Fungi Kingdom • Plantae Kingdom • Animalia Kingdom

  13. Characteristics of All Living Things • Made of cells • Maintain homeostasis – stable internal conditions • Metabolism – need energy (Autotrophs and/or heterotrophs) • Responsiveness • Reproduction • Contain heredity material – DNA/RNA • Growth/Development

  14. 1. All Living things are made of CELLS • There are 2 categories: UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR

  15. Single Cell - unicellular • Organism has to perform all functions of life within one cell • Some have Chloroplasts - autotrophs (make own food) • photosynthesis

  16. Multicellular Cells are organized into an hierarchy: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms Heterotrophs- obtain food by eating other things Autotrophs like plants (trees, grass, flowers) – make their own food from the sun Mitochondria organelle- used for respiration/power

  17. Hierarchy of Life Hierarchy: First Step: Building blocks of living things are organized into a hierachy: Atom- molecule – macromolecule- organelle Second step: Cells are organized into an hierarchy: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

  18. 2. Living things fight for survival • Homeostasis - maintain internal standards (temp., water, salinity) • Stable internal conditions

  19. 3. Living things need ENERGY • Metabolism- chemical reactions that convert food into energy • Most energy comes from the sun that is later used by other organisms • Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

  20. 4. Living things RESPOND to their environment • Responsiveness organisms respond to their external environment • Ex. Flowers bend toward sunlight

  21. 5. Living things REPRODUCE • REPRODUCTION Organisms making more of themselves • Sexual and Asexual • Mitosis and Meisosis is cell reproduction

  22. 6. All living things have genetic material • Heredity - When an organism reproduces, it passes its own traits to its offspring (children) • DNA and RNA hang out in the nucleus of eukaryote cells or free floating in prokaryote cells (bacteria)

  23. 7. Growth/Development • Growth – All living things grow, either briefly or for thousands of years (i.e bacteria vs. a giant sequoia tree) • Development – organisms change as they grow; frogs develop from eggs to tadpoles to frogs

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