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Participation and contribution by NGOs in WASH programmes in rural India.

Participation and contribution by NGOs in WASH programmes in rural India. Presented by Dr. S. V. Mapuskar Appa Patwardhan Safai wa Paryawaran Tantraniketan, Dehu Village, Tal. Haveli, Dist. Pune. Maharashtra. 412 109 INDIA. svmapuskar@hotmail.com.

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Participation and contribution by NGOs in WASH programmes in rural India.

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  1. Participation and contribution by NGOs in WASH programmes in rural India. Presented by Dr. S. V. Mapuskar Appa Patwardhan Safai wa Paryawaran Tantraniketan, Dehu Village, Tal. Haveli, Dist. Pune. Maharashtra. 412 109 INDIA svmapuskar@hotmail.com

  2. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION CHANGE IN STRATEGY ‘Supply driven’ programme With action by government had limited success Changed strategy 1. ‘Demand driven’ instead of ‘Supply driven’ 2. Demand generated from ‘felt need’ by community 3. ‘Felt need’ by IEC efforts for awareness 4. Facilitation by government, action by community • Capacity development of community for actions • Involvement of PRIs • Involvement of NGOs

  3. RESULTS FROM CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNITY Capacity development of community for their participation in situation appraisal and decision making, action plan, implementation, monitoring, operation & maintenance, evaluation This can give remarkable results

  4. DEVELOPMENT AND NGOs Community participation in development Voluntary agencies risen from community Working voluntarily for their chosen issues Missionary zeal & community acceptance Getting them on the caravan will be useful With this view. International agencies insist on their involvement

  5. NGOs IN WASH ACTIVITIES Gandhian voluntary agencies have pioneered WASH activities in rural India since 1920s After independence many more voluntary agencies took up this work Government took up WASH activities intensively from 1980s.It expects participation by voluntary agenctes. Since 1980s, the term ‘NGO’ brought many more agencies in the picture.

  6. IMPORTANT STAKEHOLDERS IN DEVELOPMENT Welfare state 2. Beneficiary 3. Financing agency 4. Technology & material provider

  7. INTERACTION IN STAKEHOLDERS - 1 BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD FINANCING AGENCY BANK ETC. TECHNICAL KNOWHOW MATERIALS & CONSTUCTION, TECHNICIANS, SUPPLIERS WELFARE STATE GOVERNMENT

  8. PROGRESS IN DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Progress will depend on the coordinated response levels of these stakeholders

  9. RESPONSE LINKED PROGRESS STATUS RESPONSE PROGRESS EXCELLENT AVERAGE ZERO • ACTIVE – by all • SLUGGISH – by one or more • NEGATIVE – by all

  10. SLUGGISH OR NEGATIVE RESPONSE Improvement by efforts at 1. Communication 2. Motivation 3. Developing strong feeling of participation amongst all concerned 4. Co-ordination 5. Trouble shooting

  11. INTERACTION IN STAKEHOLDERS – 2 NEED FOR FACILITATION AGENCY FINANCING AGENCY (BANK ETC.) BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD COMMUNITY TECHNICAL KNOWHOW MATERIALS & CONSTRUCTION TECHNICIANS, SUPPLIERS WELFARE STATE GOVERNMENT

  12. INTERACTION IN STAKEHOLDERS – 3 NGO AS A FACILITATION AGENCY FINANCING AGENCY ( BANK ETC.) BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLD VOLUNTARY AGENCY TECHNICAL KNOWHOW MATERIALS & CONSTRUCTION TECHNICIANS, SUPPLIERS WELFARE STATE GOVERNMENT

  13. RELEVANCE TO WASH ACTIVITIES IN RURAL INDIA • In water and sanitation programmes. This process is very significant . • IN India, sanitation work was initiated not as a government programme, but as a safai and bhangimukti programme by Gandhiji and nis followers. They worked with community. • Appasaheb Patwardhan’s Gopuri Ashram was a gangotri of appropriate technologies for sanitation in india. • Important sanitation NGOs in India have roots in Gandhian activities

  14. DEDICATED BUT UNORGANISED GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS As a legacy to Gandhian & Sarvodaya thinking, • a vast number of social work groups • and individual social workers work with dedication, selflessly for sanitation

  15. SPIRITUAL LEADERS AND GROUPS These leaders have the capacity to influence the mind and behaviour of followers Sant Gadgebaba & Sant Tukdoji Maharaj from Maharashtra, Ramkrishna Math from West Bengal are some of the examples

  16. STRENGTHS OF NGOS • 1.Dedication to the cause • 2. Acceptance & confidence from community • 3. I E C skills • 4. Technology expertise • 5. Roots in communiry • 6. Flexibility in approach • 7. Procedural freedom • 8. Non political nature of NGO • 9. Skills for co-ordination of stake holders • 10. Resource base for trainings • 11. Ability to undertake R & D work

  17. LIMITATIONS OF NGOS • 1. Limited field of operation • 2. Inadequate financial resources • 3. Limited infrastructure • 3. Administrative weakness • 4. Impulsive but without malice

  18. PERFORMANCE IN DVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES The development programmes progress well if community knowledge levels improve through IEC and capacity development, leading to participation by community in planning , implementation and maintenance • Concurrent availability of appropriate technology would lead to successful implementation results

  19. ROLE OF NGOs IN WASH ACTIVITIES 1. Facilitation at various levels 2. IEC and capacity development activities 3. Training various groups a.related govt. functionaries b. PRI functionaries c. community leaders d. community groups e. technical personnel 4. Research and development a. technical b. social c. evaluation 5. Consultancy 6. Implementation especially in pilot type of work 7. Follow up, O&M ,evaluation

  20. NGO FACILITATING PRA EXERCISE

  21. NGO FACILITATING PRA EXERCISE

  22. GROUP MEETING BY NGO

  23. VOLUNTEER DOCTOR TALKS TO WOMEN

  24. WOMEN’S MEETING

  25. DISCUSSION WITH WOMEN’S GROUP

  26. NGO ADRESSING VILLAGE MEETING

  27. NGO TRAINING ENGINEERS

  28. TRAINING THE MASONS

  29. TRAINING THE TRAINERS

  30. TRAINING PRI MEMBERS AND ISSUE LEADERS

  31. NGO FACILITATING SHRAMDAN FOR SURFACE DRAIN CLEANING

  32. NGO MANAGING SOLID WASTE COLLECTION

  33. SELECTION OF NGO NGOs (especially the voluntary agencies ) are working in sanitation, with government or without government. If both work hand in hand, it benefits the cause and finally the community. If the programmes are undertaken by government, the designated organizers must select the appropriate NGOs.

  34. CONSIDERATIONS FOR SELECTION 1. The kind of skills it possesses 2. Area of influence / Ability to work beyond that 3. Sincerity, dedication and involvement in cause 4. Knowledge base & resource persons in subject 5. Willing involvement by mutual consultations 6. Avoiding influences during selection

  35. STRENGTHENING THE NGOs Selected NGOs may have excellent knowledge base, expertise, skills, abilities However due to some gaps or lacunae, their ,optimum use is not possible With attempts at strengthening them, their optimum utilization may be possible

  36. FUNDING THE NGOs • Paucity of funds – a stumbling block • Infrastructure and staff maintenance are critical • Cognizance of this issue is important • Funding aspect of NGO involvement should be taken care of

  37. NGO AS A KRC • Maharashtra experience • One KRC per district • Three types – i. NGOs, ii. govt. institutions, iii. Award winning gram panchayats • Some NGOs as main KRCs

  38. MARCHING TOWARDS THE GOAL • Let us start marching -- • --People will march with us

  39. Thank you

  40. Strengthening of ngo THANK YOU

  41. CHANGE IN OUTLOOK IN IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES • Supply driven to Demand driven • Community to develop itself • State to act as facilitator and part funds provider • Capacity development of community • Involvement of PRIs • Involvement of NGOs • NGO can act for capacity building of community besides other activities

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