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December 2, 2009

December 2, 2009. Monster worm and sea star frenzy. Reading Ch. 14 Final Exam date: TU, Dec. 15 Material covered: Ch. 13, 14, 15, 16.

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December 2, 2009

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  1. December 2, 2009 Monster worm and sea star frenzy • Reading Ch. 14 • Final Exam date: TU, Dec. 15 • Material covered: Ch. 13, 14, 15, 16 Deep under the Antarctic ice, a rare, colourful burst of starfish and 3m-long monster worms has been filmed by a BBC camera crew. Filmed in time-lapse, the extraordinary swarm of deep-sea creatures gathers to feed in a frenzy on the body of a seal, which had sunk to the ocean floor. Such a bounty of food may only occur once every ten years in the ice-cold waters of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The images were taken by divers filming for the natural history series Life. The time-lapse sequence revealed the feeding frenzy of hundreds of huge worms, starfish, brittle stars and sea-urchins.

  2. Recap • Eastern margin • Rifting, lava expulsion • EX: The Palisades (NY-NJ) • Southern margin • Depositional basin, evaporites • Gulf of Mexico • Interior • Erosion and deposition • Navajo Sandstone (Zion NP) • Western margin • Undergoing compression • Picking up exotic terranes http://ca.water.usgs.gov/groundwater/gwatlas/summary/geology.html http://homepage.ufp.pt/biblioteca/GlossarySaltTectonics/Pages/PageS.html http://www.planetware.com/picture/new-york-state-hudson-river-valley-us-ny156.htm

  3. Sonoma Orogeny • Island arc collision • Forearc basin (Great Valley Grp) • Volcanic & ocean sediments • Accretionary prism (Fransciscan Cx) • blueschists • Foreland basin (Morrison Fmn) • Volcanic & terrestrial sediments http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G102/102meso1.htm http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~afisher/Courses/Eart205/GradSeminarPhotos.html

  4. Cordilleran Orogeny • 1st phase: Nevadan orogeny • Granitic magma intrusions • Ex: Sierra Nevadas • Ex: Idaho batholith http://www.eugenecarsey.com/camp/alabamahills/arches2.htm http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter15-04.html

  5. Spring Mtns, NV Cordilleran Orogeny • 2nd phase: Sevier orogeny • Low angle thrusts • Sevier thrust belt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lasvegasgeography.jpg http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~chuck/Classes/Mtn_and_Plates/mt http://geology.isu.edu/Digital_Geology_Idaho/Module5/mod5.htmns_westernUS.html

  6. Cordilleran Orogeny • 3rd phase: Laramide orogeny • Uplift of basement rock and overlying sediments • Located further east • Why?? • Very shallow angle thrust • No melting • Transfer of compressional forces Sheep Mtn anticline, WY http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G102/102meso2.htm http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~maher/air/air15.htm

  7. Cordilleran Orogeny http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-81/Intro/TopographicData/DEM/DEM.html http://www.umt.edu/geosciences/faculty/sears/animation/latecretaceous.htm

  8. Niobrara Fmn, KS Interior Craton • Interior Seaway in late Cretaceous • Covered ~1/3 land area • Marine carbonate deposition • Niobrara Fmn • Oil, coal, gas origins Morrison Fmn http://cedarandsand.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~wilson/geol1/lec43b/EHist7.htm http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/research/fossils/ammonites.html

  9. Life in the Mesozoic: Marine Seafloor • Paleozoic fauna gone • Bryozoans, crinoids, blastoids, tabulates, fusulinids • ‘Marine revolution’ • Bivalves, gastropods took over • Ex: Inoceramids • Crinoids replaced by spiny or burrowing echinoids • Reef builders • Scleractinid corals dominate early • Rudistids clams dominated later http://www.geo.vu.nl/~smit/inoceramus/inoceramid.htm http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/scleractinia.html http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/lectures/31.html http://www.humboldt.edu/~natmus/lifeThroughTime/Cretaceous.web/index.htm

  10. Belemnites • ‘ancient’ squids • Planktonic life • Diatoms • Coccolithophores • Foraminiferans: globigerinids Mesozoic Life: Water Column • Ammonoids • Changes in suture designs • Zig-zag to U-shaped to branched • Mesozoic index fossil http://www.abc.net.au/dinosaurs/fact_files/ea/sealife/belemnite.htm http://www.bedfordmuseum.org/collections/fossils/belemnites_2.htm

  11. Reptiles • Plesiosaurs • Large reptiles • Ichthyosaurs • Completely aquatic (live births) • Mosasaurs Marine Vertebrates • Bony fishes • Primitive sturgeons • Teleosts with mobile jaws, swim bladders • Ex: Xiphactinus http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/seamonsters/factfiles/xiphactinus.shtml http://www.artistwd.com/joyzine/australia/articles/dinosaurs/freshwater_plesiosaur.php http://www.exn.ca/dinosaurs/story.asp?id=2000032152&name=creatures

  12. Marine Vertebrates • Megalodon (shark) • Great White relative http://www.fossilien.de/seiten/haizaehne/megalodon.htm

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