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The Information Superhighway

The Information Superhighway. An Information Infrastruture. Infrastructure. promote economic gain increase a country’s competitive edge National Information Infrastructure expensive to build - last mile problem funding- National Research and Educational Network (NREN) - link universities.

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The Information Superhighway

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  1. The Information Superhighway

  2. An Information Infrastruture

  3. Infrastructure • promote economic gain • increase a country’s competitive edge • National Information Infrastructure • expensive to build - last mile problem • funding- National Research and Educational Network (NREN) - link universities

  4. Services • need new services to pay for expensive structure • example - on demand video • downstream bandwidth - refers to the capacity of a channel to deliver info to the customer • upstream bandwidth - from the customer to the service provider

  5. Growth • over 150,000 customers are becoming connected to Internet • look at the problem of CompuServe • the superhighway is not yet here, but close and we call it the Internet • Internet is a WAN

  6. History • started in 1969 • ARPANET - Advanced Research Projects Agency Network • linked DOD research centers with universities • developed the popular TCP/IP protocol • no central headquarters - possible nuclear attack

  7. History • Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) – NSF net • Backbone now provided by various corporations • Various corporations help define standards • Internet2 • Next Generation internet (NGI)

  8. NGI and Internet 2 • 2 big networks in the US • NGI - Next Generation Internet • promise to be 10 to 1000 xs faster • more than 600 million earmarked • first offer services to educational and governmental research

  9. Decentralized • uncontrollable growth • largest e-mail system in the world • 1/3 of all business mail is sent electronically • mail addresses have 2 parts • user name and domain name

  10. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Internet Service Providers and Online Services • Have permanent connections to the Internet • Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee • Local and national ISPs • Online services offer member only areas

  11. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Connecting to the Internet • Business or school network connected to the Internet • Dial-up Access • ISDN • Cable Modems • Wireless • Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

  12. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • How Data travels the Internet • Servers • Clients • Packets • Routers • Packet Switching • TCP – IP (Transmission Control Protocol – Internet Protocol)

  13. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • How Data Travels the Internet • Backbone • Network Access Points (NAPs) • Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs) • National ISPs (Backbone providers)

  14. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Internet Addresses • IP (Internet Protocol) Address • Geographic Region • Company or Organization • Computer Group • Specific Computer • Domain Name • Top Level Domain (.edu, .com, .net etc..) • Purdue (purdue.edu) and MIT(mit.edu) were among the first 10 domain names registered in the world

  15. Communications & Connectivity The Internet

  16. Communications & Connectivity The Internet

  17. Communications & Connectivity The Internet

  18. Communications & Connectivity Electronic Mail (E-Mail) The Internet

  19. E-MAIL • jdoe@account.smith.com • jdoe is username • account is a name of a machine • smith is the name of the company • .com is the domain name category

  20. Communications & Connectivity Electronic Mail (E-Mail) The Internet

  21. Communications & Connectivity Electronic Mail (E-Mail) The Internet Telnet

  22. Telnet • run programs on a remote host, play interactive games, and use remote library card catalogs • Internet’s remote login application • once connected , the session appears to be same as if you terminal connected to that host

  23. Communications & Connectivity Electronic Mail (E-Mail) The Internet Telnet

  24. Communications & Connectivity Electronic Mail (E-Mail) The Internet Telnet File Transfer Protocol

  25. FTP • File Transfer Protocal • ftp is a client program • use it to access public files (archives)

  26. Communications & Connectivity Electronic Mail (E-Mail) The Internet Telnet File Transfer Protocol

  27. Communications & Connectivity Electronic Mail (E-Mail) The Internet Telnet File Transfer Protocol Gopher

  28. Communications & Connectivity Electronic Mail (E-Mail) The Internet Telnet File Transfer Protocol Gopher WWW

  29. Communications & Connectivity Electronic Mail (E-Mail) The Internet Telnet File Transfer Protocol Gopher World Wide Web WWW

  30. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • WWW • Started in 1991 • Hyperlinks (Links) • Uniform Resource Locator (URL) • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http://) • Web Server • Web Master

  31. Browser • Software that retrieves, interprets and displays Web pages • 2 major browsers : Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator • Netscape is the improved commercial version of Mosaic, the first graphical web browser created in 1993 by University of Illinois students

  32. URL • Uniform Resource Locator • address composed of a protocol identifier, a server address and a file pathname • example: http://www.netscape.com/home/welcome.html

  33. URL Disected • http is the protocol • netscape is the server • com is the type • netscape.com is the domain name • /home/welcome.html is the pathname • /home is the folder • welcome is the filename • html is the extension

  34. URL • domain names in a URL are case-sensitive • Internet sites continuously undergo name and address changes

  35. Finding What’s Cool • spend too much time searching for unique and interesting site • Netscape routinely scouts the Internet for unusual sites and then places links to those URLs on its What’s Cool page. • Netscape also compiles a list of What’s New. Anyone can submit the name and URL of a new page, but Netscape reserves the right to reject any entry

  36. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • Chat Rooms • Real Time Conversation • Channels • Chat Clients • Internet Relay Chat (IRC) • Microsoft Chat

  37. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • Instant Messaging • Notifies when certain people you select are online • Allows you to exchange messages or join private chat

  38. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • Portals • A Web site designed to offer a variety of Internet services from a single convenient location • Free Services • Search Engine • News • Weather • Sports • E-mail, shopping and chat rooms • Web communities

  39. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (e-commerce) • Conducting Business Activities Online • Electronic Data Interchange • Three types of commerce • Business to Consumer (B-to-C , B2C) • Consumer to Consumer (C-to-C , C2C) • Business to Business (B-to-B , B2B) • Electronic Money • Digital Certificates

  40. Connectivity Fall 1996 Full Access to World-Wide Computer Network

  41. Future • modem speeds have increased, so has the amount of bandwidth the many Internet applications use • to prevent future traffic jams, some major Internet projects are underway

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