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Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview. Ethernet Token Ring FDDI Wireless Networking. Ethernet Standards. Ethernet is the most popular local area network (LAN) protocol operating at the data-link layer. There are two sets of Ethernet standards: DIX Ethernet

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Chapter Overview

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  1. Chapter Overview • Ethernet • Token Ring • FDDI • Wireless Networking

  2. Ethernet Standards • Ethernet is the most popular local area network (LAN) protocol operating at the data-link layer. • There are two sets of Ethernet standards: • DIX Ethernet • Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.3

  3. DIX Ethernet Standards • DIX Ethernet. Also known as thick Ethernet, ThickNet, or 10Base5 • DIX Ethernet II. Retains 10Base5 and adds 10Base2 (thin Ethernet)

  4. IEEE 802.3 Standards • IEEE 802.3. 10Base5, 10Base2, and 10Base-T • IEEE 802.3u. Fast Ethernet • IEEE 802.3z and IEEE 802.3ab. Gigabit Ethernet

  5. DIX Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 Components • Physical layer specifications • Frame format • CSMA/CD MAC mechanism

  6. Standard 10-Mbps Ethernet Specifications

  7. Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) Specifications

  8. Gigabit Ethernet (1,000 Mbps) Specifications

  9. Coaxial Ethernet Standards • 10Base5 (thick Ethernet) • 10Base2 (thin Ethernet)

  10. Coaxial Network Characteristics • Runs at 10 Mbps • Uses the bus topology • Uses mixing segments

  11. Mixing Segments

  12. UTP Ethernet Standards • 10Base-T • 100Base-TX (Fast Ethernet) • 100Base-T4 (Fast Ethernet) • 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet)

  13. UTP Network Characteristics • Runs at various speeds up to 1,000 Mbps • Uses the star topology • Requires a hub • Uses link segments

  14. Link Segments

  15. Fiber Optic Ethernet • Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link (FOIRL) • IEEE 802.3 fiber optic standards: • 10Base-FL • 10Base-FB • 10Base-FP • 100Base-FX • Gigabit Ethernet standards

  16. The 5-4-3 Rule • A standard network can have no more than FIVE segments, connected by FOUR repeaters, of which no more than THREE segments can be mixing segments.

  17. A Coaxial 5-4-3 Network

  18. A UTP 5-4-3 Network

  19. Fast Ethernet Hub Types

  20. Fast Ethernet Cabling Guidelines

  21. The Ethernet Frame Format

  22. Protocol Identification • DIX Ethernet frames use the Ethertype field. • IEEE 802.3 frames use the Logical Link Control (LLC) and Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) subheaders.

  23. Media Access Control (MAC) • Is the mechanism that enables multiple computers to use the same network medium without conflicting

  24. CSMA/CD Phases

  25. Collisions • Collisions are also called signal quality errors. • They are normal on Ethernet networks. • The frequency of collisions increases as network traffic increases. • Late collisions are a sign of a serious problem.

  26. Token Ring Cable Types • IBM Type 1. Proprietary shielded twisted pair (STP) • IBM Type 3. Standard Category 5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP)

  27. IBM Type 1 Cable

  28. Token Passing • A token frame circulates continuously around the network. • Only the computer holding the token can transmit data. • The transmitting system is responsible for removing the data from the ring.

  29. Token Ring Frame Types • Data frame • Token frame • Command frame • Abort delimiter frame

  30. The Data Frame Format

  31. The Token Frame Format

  32. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Characteristics • First commercial 100-Mbps fiber optic protocol • Uses the token passing MAC mechanism • Supports both singlemode and multimode cable

  33. FDDI Topologies • Double ring • Logical ring • Dual ring of trees

  34. Dual Ring of Trees

  35. The FDDI Data Frame

  36. IEEE 802.11 Standards • IEEE 802.11a. Speeds of 1 to 2 Mbps • IEEE 802.11b. Speeds of 5.5 to 11 Mbps

  37. IEEE 802.11 Topologies • Ad hoc. Wireless computers communicating with each other • Infrastructure. Wireless computers using an access point to communicate with a cabled network

  38. CSMA/CA • Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is a variation of CSMA/CD. • It uses packet acknowledgment messages instead of collision detection.

  39. Chapter Summary • Ethernet • Supports multiple cable types and speeds • Uses the CSMA/CD MAC mechanism to detect collisions • Token Ring • Uses a logical ring topology • Uses the token passing MAC mechanism • FDDI • Uses a double ring or star topology • Uses the token passing MAC mechanism • Wireless Networking • Runs at speeds up to 11 Mbps • Uses the CSMA/CA MAC mechanism

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