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Puritan New England – Sect. 3 Settlement Middle Colonies – Sect. 4 Chapter 2

Explore the Puritans' creation of New England and the settlement of the Middle Colonies. Learn about their religious beliefs, conflicts with Native Americans, and the establishment of colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay. Discover the impact of individuals like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson, as well as the Dutch and Quaker settlements in Pennsylvania.

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Puritan New England – Sect. 3 Settlement Middle Colonies – Sect. 4 Chapter 2

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  1. Puritan New England – Sect. 3Settlement Middle Colonies – Sect. 4Chapter 2 Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 1

  2. Puritans Create a “New England” • Puritans and Pilgrims • Puritans, religious group, want to purify the Church of England • Separatists, including Pilgrims, form independent congregations • In 1620, Pilgrims flee to escape persecution, found Plymouth Colony • The Massachusetts Bay Company • In 1630, joint-stock company founds Massachusetts Bay Colony • John Winthrop is Puritan colony’s first governor

  3. Creating a “New England” • “City Upon a Hill” • Puritan adult males vote for General Court; Court chooses governor • Church and State • Civic officials are church members, have duty to do God’s will • There is no separation of church and state • Importance of the Family • Puritans generally migrate as families • Community makes sure family members behave in “God fearing” way

  4. Dissent in the Puritan Community • The Founding of Providence • Roger Williams – extreme Separatists minister with controversial views • General Court orders his arrest; Williams flees • In 1636 he founds colony of Providence • negotiates for land with Narragansett tribe • guarantees separation of church and state, religious freedom • Anne Hutchinson Banished • Anne Hutchinson teaches church, ministers are unnecessary • Hutchinson banished 1638, followers leave colony

  5. Native Americans Resist • Disputes Over Land • Natives think land treaties temporary, Europeans think permanent • The Pequot War • Pequot War – Pequot takes stand against colonists, nearly destroyed • King Philip’s War • Deprived of land, natives work for English, must follow Puritan laws • Wampanoag chief Metacom organizes tribes to wipe out settlers (1675) • King Philip’s War fierce, hunger, disease, casualties defeat tribes

  6. Settlement of the Middle Colonies • Dutch Found New Netherland - Sect. 4 • A Diverse Colony • In 1621, the Dutch West India Company colonizes New Netherland • Settlers from other European countries and Africa welcomed • Dutch trade for furs with Native Americans • English Takeover • In 1664, Duke of York becomes proprietor (owner) of New Netherland • renames colony New York • later gives part of land to friends, names it New Jersey

  7. Quakers Settle Pennsylvania • Penn’s “Holy Experiment” • In 1681, William Penn founds Pennsylvania on Quaker principles • Quaker ideas: equality, cooperation, religious tolerance, pacifism • Pennsylvania meant to be a “holy experiment” • adult males get 50 acres, right to vote, representative assembly, freedom of religion • Native American Relations • Penn treats native people fairly; over 50 years without conflict

  8. Quakers Settle Pennsylvania • A Thriving Colony • Penn recruits immigrants, thousands of Germans go to Pennsylvania • Quakers become minority; slavery is introduced • Thirteen Colonies • Lord Baltimore, a Catholic, founds Maryland; has religious freedom • James Ogelthorpe founds Georgia as haven for debtors • By 1752, there are 13 British colonies in North America

  9. Meanwhile in AZ… • Spain • First European nation to explore the Americas • by 1550 the Spanish had claimed all the land from Florida to California • for 300 hundred years – the only Europeans to have contact with Native Americans in Arizona • How do we know so much? • Spaniards kept detailed accounts of their experiences in diaries, letters, and reports to the king.

  10. Spanish in Arizona • Early Explorers • Fray Marcos de Niza and Estevan, a black Moor slave • Zuni Indians kill Estevan – de Niza heads back to Mexico City • brings back fantastic stories of cities with great riches • Francisco Coronado – 1540 • 250 caballeros (horsemen) plus a huge entourage set off to find the cities of gold • encounters many tribes, finds no great cities or riches • discovers the Grand Canyon (Cardenas) but cannot get to the river at the bottom • travels through Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas • Coronado brings back detailed maps and knowledge of many Native American tribes

  11. Father Eusebio Kino • Padre Kino - 1687 • Jesuit priest, explorer, rancher, astronomer, map maker, defender of the frontier • considered on of the most important people in all Arizona history - appointed missionary to the Pima Indians • Missions - ‘complete communities’ • San Xavier del Bac – 1700 • Guevavi mission in Tumacacori – 1701 • Teaches the Indians the best methods to raise crops and animal husbandry (raising domestic livestock = cattle • very successful at gaining hundreds of converts to Catholicism – leaves a lasting legacy by winning hearts and minds with his methods

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