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VOCABULARY

VOCABULARY. Progressive Movement – reform movement of the early 20 th century seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, an to correct injustices in American life.

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VOCABULARY

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  1. VOCABULARY • Progressive Movement – reform movement of the early 20th century seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, an to correct injustices in American life. • Prohibition – Period when the production, distribution, consumption, or transportation of alcohol was illegal. • Muckraker – journalist that investigate and expose corruption. • Suffrage- the right to vote • Conservation – the planned management of natural resources, involves protecting some wilderness areas and developing others for the common good

  2. CHAPTER 9 THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

  3. SECTION 1 THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

  4. Progressives are • Educated middle class city dwellers They want • Government to take a more active role in solving society’s problems

  5. Four areas of progressive reform • 1. Social • Social Gospel Movement • Settlement House • YMCA • Salvation Army

  6. 2. Moral • Prohibition • Women’s Christian Temperance Movement • Francis Willard • Bless and brighten every place you enter and enter every place • Anti-Saloon League • Carrie Nation

  7. Anti Saloon League • Carrie Nation

  8. 18th Amendment

  9. “A woman is stripped of everything by them (saloons). Her husband is torn from her; she is robbed of her sons, her home, her food, and her virtue. . . .Truly does the saloon make a woman bare of all things!” Carrie Nation

  10. 3. Economic • Big Business & Competition • Eugene V. Debs -1912 • Represented the American Socialist Party for president (1 million votes)

  11. 4. Fostering Efficiency • Scientific management • Increased production • People worked like machines • More injuries • Henry Ford • Reduced to 8 hour day - - $5.00 a day • 2000 a year

  12. Muckrakers • Journalists that investigate and expose corruption

  13. Muckrakers • Upton Sinclair • The Jungle • Ida Tarbell • Standard Oil • John Spargo • Child labor • Charles Edward • Meat industry • David Graham Philips • How money influenced senate • Lincoln Steffens • Political machines • Jacob Riis • Poverty, crime, disease of immigrant neighborhoods

  14. VOCABULARY • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People – Founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Dubois. Worked through the courts to fight for civil rights laws • Bull Moose Party – Name given to the Progressive party formed to support Teddy Roosevelt’s candidacy for the presidency in 1912. • Federal Trade Commission – a federal government agency formed in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices • Federal Reserve System – a national banking system established in 1913 that divided the country into 12 districts each with their own Federal Reserve bank. It controls how much money is in circulation and establishes the interest rates to control the availability of credit.

  15. Reform at the State Level • Robert La Follette • Direct Primary • Working Children • Need • Problems

  16. CHILD LABOR • Most emotional issue of the progressive period – committee formed • 1900 – 1.7 million children under 16 worked outside the home • Breaker Boys • 9-10 years old • Picked slag out of coal • Paid 60 cents for a 10 hour day • Physically hurt children

  17. Solutions • National Child Labor Committee • Keating Owen Act 1916

  18. Keating-Owen Child Labor Act • 1916 • Prohibited the employment of children under 14 in factories producing goods for interstate commerce • Ruled unconstitutional by Supreme Court

  19. Work Hours • Court Cases • Muller v Oregon • Bunting v Oregon • Workers’ Compensation

  20. Changes made to improve working conditions • Fire escapes • Building codes for lighting and safety • Laws about working conditions • Air, room size, sanitation • Worker compensation laws • Zoning laws -

  21. Election Reforms • Secret Ballot • Initiative • Referendum • Recall • 17th Amendment

  22. 1. Where is this cartoon taking place? 2. Why are the men in the back so large?

  23. SECTION 2WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE

  24. Women in the Workforce • Farms • Factories • Domestic

  25. Women Lead Reform • Typical woman fighting for reform • college • Single • “Social Housekeeping

  26. Suffrage – what and why • Susan B. Anthony • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • NAWSA • Three part strategy • State • Courts • Federal • 19th Amendment

  27. Progressive Presidents • Teddy Roosevelt • William Howard Taft • Woodrow Wilson

  28. 1. Who is the man on the right? 2. Who do the little boy and dog represent? 3. Why would the cartoonist show business as frightened of the tariff? a. Business expected a drop in imports. b. Business envisioned a decline in credit c. Businesses assumed an increase in prices d. Business anticipated an increase in competition.

  29. SECTION3 ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL

  30. ROOSEVELT AS PRESIDENT • Competitive, strong willed, energetic • Foreign affairs • Social Darwinism • Domestic affairs • Believed in balance • Square Deal

  31. ROOSEVELT AND TRUSTS Trust Buster • Views • Trusts were good and bad • Railroad stock fight • 3 RR tycoons • Burlington Railroad • Northern Securities • Supreme Court ruled…

  32. Roosevelt the manager • Make sure things were running smoothly.

  33. COAL STRIKE OF 1902 • Union Mine Workers • Called for a strike – spring ‘02 • Demands • Increase pay by 20% • Decrease hours to 9 per day • Recognize union • Strike continued into fall/winter • Arbitration received 10% 9 per day No union Roosevelt got frustrated With mine owners

  34. BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS Roosevelt called this his “Gentlemen”s Agreement” • 1903 - Department of Commerce and Labor • Bureau of Corporations was a division of DCL • US Steel • Under investigation • They made a deal He could regulate big businesses and still foster economic growth and not break up trusts.

  35. EXPEDITION ACT • Passed by Congress • Gave federal anti-trust suits precedence on the Circuit Court dockets

  36. HEPBURN ACT • Roosevelt pushed congress to pass it in 1906 • Gave the ICC more strength to effectively regulate RRs

  37. SOCIAL WELFARE ACTIONS • Dr. Harvey Washington Wiley • Concerned with unsafe practices in patient medicine • Pure Food and Drug Act • Required honest labeling • Upton Sinclair • Meat Inspection Act

  38. CONSERVATION • Roosevelt was a strong conservationist – • Newlands Reclamation Act 1902 • Gifford Pinchot - • US Forestry Service • Roosevelt added • 100 million acres to the protected national forests • 5 new national parks • 51 federal wildlife reservations

  39. ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTS • Appointments • Booker T. Washington • Mississippi Postmistress • NAACP – W.E.B. Du Bois - 1909

  40. ROOSEVELT’S LEGACY • Big Business and Government • Health and Safety • Conservation

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