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Linear motion

Linear motion. . ( a) define displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration (b) use graphical methods to represent displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration (c) find displacement from the area under a velocity-time graph

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Linear motion

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  1. Linear motion . (a) define displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration (b) use graphical methods to represent displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration (c) find displacement from the area under a velocity-time graph (d) use the slope of a displacement-time graph to find the velocity (e) use the slope of a velocity-time graph to find the acceleration (k) describe and explain motion due to a uniform velocity in one direction and a uniform acceleration in a perpendicular direction.

  2. Displacement • Is a measured distance in a given direction • It tells us not only the distance of the object from a particular reference point but also the direction from that reference point • It is a vector quantity • In many situations it is measured from the origin of a Cartesian co-ordinate system

  3. Speed • Is the rate of change of distance • Or the distance covered per unit time • Speed is the total distance (d) covered in total time (t) • Speed (s) = total distance (d) / total time (t)

  4. Velocity • Is the rate of change of displacement • Is a measured speed in a given direction • It tells us not only the speed of the object but also the direction • It is a vector quantity

  5. Instantaneous and average values • The average value of speed, velocity and acceleration are the average over a time period. • They are calculated by the equations s=(d2-d1)/t, (s2-s1)/t and (v-u)/t • The instantaneous values are for an instant in time (vanishingly small values of t) • They can be found from the gradient at a certain point on a d (s,v) vs t graph

  6. Acceleration • Is the rate of change of velocity in a given direction • a = Δv / Δ t (where Δ v = v – u) • It is a vector quantity • If the acceleration of an object is positive then its rate of change of velocity to be positive and it could mean that its speed is increasing • Do not think of acceleration as a ´slowing down´or a ´getting faster´. • Avoid speaking of faster acceleration or slower acceleration

  7. Drawing graphs • Students should be able to sketch and label d-t (s-t), v-t and a-t graphs for various situations. They should also be able to write descriptions of the motions represented by such graphs. Thanks to mhtml:http://physics.greengates.edu.mx/IB%20PowerPoints/02.%20Mechanics/2.1%20Kinematics.mht!2.1Kinematics_files/frame.htm

  8. Projectilemotion

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