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U.S. Presidents & Financial Aid: Who’s in Charge Makes A Difference

U.S. Presidents & Financial Aid: Who’s in Charge Makes A Difference. Craig Munier, Director Office of Scholarships & Financial Aid University of Nebraska. Presentation Outline. Historical overview of presidents and higher education Funding history in relation to Administrations.

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U.S. Presidents & Financial Aid: Who’s in Charge Makes A Difference

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  1. U.S. Presidents & Financial Aid:Who’s in Charge Makes A Difference Craig Munier, Director Office of Scholarships & Financial Aid University of Nebraska

  2. Presentation Outline • Historical overview of presidents and higher education • Funding history in relation to Administrations

  3. How Strong is the President’s Power? • Presidential power is unique • Limited by Congress • But there are exceptions: • Veto Threat • Executive Orders and Actions • Election years change everything

  4. Thomas Jefferson1801-1809 …to avail the state of those talents, sown as liberally among the poor as among the rich, which perish without use if not sought for and cultivated.

  5. Abraham Lincoln1861-1865 • Morrill Act of 1862 • Referred to as the “Land Grant Act” • 30,000 acres of land per Senator and • Representative • Just celebrated 150th anniversary

  6. Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933 • World War I veterans found it difficult to find work • World War Adjustment Act of 1924 • Most veterans didn’t see money for 20 years • Greatest period of unrest ever seen in Washington, D.C.

  7. Franklin D. Roosevelt1933-1945 • Serviceman’s Readjustment Act of 1944 • Commonly known as the “G.I. Bill” • Controversial (unemployment provision) • Wanted to avoid missteps following World War I • Harry Colmery, former Republican National Chairman drafted first bill

  8. President signs Serviceman’s Readjustment Act of 1944

  9. Harry S. Truman1945-1953 • Appointed President’s Commission on Higher Education, commonly referred to as the “Truman Commission” • Appointed July 13, 1946 • “I hope the Commission will concern itself with… means of expanding educational opportunities for all able young people…”

  10. George F. Zook • Named George F. Zook, President of the American Council on Education (ACE), Chairman • One of the first specialists in higher education for the U.S. Bureau of Education • Former President of the University of Akron • Native of Fort Scott, Kansas

  11. President’s Commission on Higher Education: Higher Education for American Democracy • Grants-in-aid to undergraduates based on need • Low or no tuition commuter institutions (especially community colleges) • Student financial aid in the form of loans, grants, and sponsored employment • Few, if any of the recommendations were enacted

  12. 50th Anniversary of the Space Age

  13. Dwight D. Eisenhower1953-1961 • National Defense Act of 1958 • Fear of losing the “race for space” • Congress turned to the “1946 Truman Commission Report” for ideas • Created low-interest loans • Still with us today as Perkins Loans

  14. John F. Kennedy 1961-1963 • Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963 • Per Truman Commission recommendation • Provided federal funds to institutions of higher education for academic facilities

  15. Lyndon B. Johnson1963-1969 • Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 • Created the College Work-Study Program • Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1963 • Higher Education Act of 1965 • Educational Opportunity Grants, support for • College Work-Study, and created the Guaranteed Student Loan program

  16. Jimmy Carter 1977-1981 • Middle Income Assistance Act • Established a separate means test for student loans • President personally thanked Senators Williams • and Pell and Congressmen Perkins and Ford.

  17. Who Controls the White House Makes a Difference

  18. George H.W. Bush 1989-1993 • Federal Direct Student Loan program was first suggested in a white paper from this administration • In 1993 104 colleges and universities volunteered to participate as a demonstration program to begin in the fall, 1994

  19. Bill Clinton1993-2001 • Supported direct lending in hopes the savings would help finance AmeriCorps • Income contingent loan repayment fit with idea of national service • America Read’s (Hillary’s idea) • Hope & Lifetime Learning Tax Credits • Student Loan interest tax credits

  20. George W. Bush2002-2008 • Academic Competitiveness Grants • The National Science & Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant (National SMART Grant) • Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH Grant)

  21. Barack Obama2009- • Increased maximum Pell Grant; full funding a high priority • Supported full implementation of Federal Direct Loan program with savings supporting increased Pell Grant funding, support for community colleges, and federal deficit reduction • Gainful Employment oversight for certificate programs • Greater transparency in college pricing • Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)

  22. Barack Obama2009- • New policy to cease deportation of children of undocumented parents; supports “Dream Act” (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors)

  23. Questions/Comments?

  24. Thank you!

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