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Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd.

Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd. Simulex: Analysis & Changes for IMO Compliance. Peter Thompson Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd. Håkan Lindström Sakerhetspartner AB Per-Anders Ohlsson Sakerhetspartner AB Stephen Thompson Northern Marine Management Ltd. Introduction.

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Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd.

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  1. Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd. Simulex: Analysis & Changes for IMO Compliance Peter ThompsonIntegrated Environmental Solutions Ltd. Håkan LindströmSakerhetspartner AB Per-Anders OhlssonSakerhetspartner AB Stephen ThompsonNorthern Marine Management Ltd.

  2. Introduction • Changes to software ? • Walking speeds & populations • Testing: Areas of interest • Analysis of flow rates etc. • Qualitative behaviour • Effect of life jackets on movement • Test Cases: Day & Night • Assessment of software performance

  3. Modelling individual movement • Movement based on cartesian coordinates, NOT network-node mesh • Flow rates never fixed in Simulex: • Movement based on speed vs. inter-person distance formula • Acceleration, rates of body twist, natural walking speed • Custom populations defined: • IMO Ship Passengers • IMO Ship Crew • IMO Passengers 30-50yrs • SFV-1.2m/s • SFV-1.2m/s(+jacket) • Commuter

  4. Component Testing • Elementary test scenarios • Exit Flow Rate: • 100 persons through a 1 metre exit • “the flow rate over the entire period should not exceed 1.33 p/s” • Population type not specified • Additional Investigation: • Different population demographics • Effect of with / without life-jackets

  5. Flow Rate Results • Passenger flow rate 44% lower than crew • Life-jacket passengers 12% lower flow rate

  6. Qualitative Verification • “…assess how the general behaviour of the modelling software performs, by producing reasonable patterns of movement and behaviour” • Tests of particular interest: • Counterflow tests • Large public room test • Staircase test

  7. Counterflow Tests • 1, 10, 100 people vs. 100 oncoming (from left) • 1 person makes slow progress, many more jam • Advanced collision avoidance currently being implemented • No reliable validation data available

  8. Evacuation of a Public Room • Public room: 1000 ‘commuters’, 4 x 1.0m exits • Test: evacuation time doubles with only 2 exits

  9. Public Room: Flow Rates • Evacuation Times: • 4 Exits = 198 sec. • 2 Exits = 396 sec.

  10. Staircase Test • Occupants move from a congested room into a staircase • Expected behaviour: • Heavy congestion at exit of room • Additional congestion at base of stairs • Flow rates as expected at exit • Quantified flow rate on stairs: • 20 – 30% less than on level surface • Greatest effect on mixed-ability groups

  11. Staircase Test: Flow rates

  12. Test Case Evacuations • Primary Test Case Scenarios: • Day Case (1139 passengers, decks to assembly) • Night Case (449 passengers, cabins to assembly)

  13. Test Case Evacuations: Results

  14. Emergency Evacuation of Ships: Comment • Additional considerations: • Fire & watertight doors shut automatically ? • Alternative route selections required ? • Follow signage and guidance from crew. • Escape routes: • Crew control route from muster to disembark • If the vessel is docked, gangways are used • Modern escape systems, such as chutes ?

  15. Summary of Flow Rate Investigations • IMO Flow rates require revision: • 1.33 p/m/s not suitable for passengers on level decks (0.9 p/m/s more suitable ?) • 0.88 p/m/s not suitable for passengers on stairs (0.7 p/m/s more suitable ?) • Lifejackets reduce flow rate by 12% • Reduced flows for doors < 1.1m wide • Further validation ?

  16. Concluding remarks • Simulex required few changes • IMO Flow rates need to be reviewed • Consider effects of population demographics • Consider merits of counterflow test • No validation available • I.M.O. to be commended on first attempt at international guidance for use of computer modelling of life safety during evacuations.

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