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Organization of the Nervous System

Organization of the Nervous System . Lesson 4. The Central Nervous System. CNS Brain Spinal cord ~. Peripheral Nervous System. Somatic Nervous System - SNS Sensory Division Motor Division Autonomic Nervous System - ANS Sympathetic Division Parasympathetic Division Homeostasis ~.

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Organization of the Nervous System

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  1. Organization of the Nervous System Lesson 4

  2. The Central Nervous System • CNS • Brain • Spinal cord ~

  3. Peripheral Nervous System • Somatic Nervous System - SNS • Sensory Division • Motor Division • Autonomic Nervous System - ANS • Sympathetic Division • Parasympathetic Division • Homeostasis ~

  4. Divisions of the Brain • Different schemes • 5 major subdivisions • Telencephalon • Diencephalon • Mesencephalon • Metencephalon • Myelencephalon ~

  5. Divisions of the Brain • Forebrain • cortex • sub-cortical areas • Midbrain • tectum & tegmentum • Hindbrain • cerebellum & pons • medulla ~

  6. Terminology • Dorsal - toward the back • Ventral - toward the stomach • Anterior & Posterior • Rostral & Caudal ~

  7. Dorsal Superior Anterior Posterior Rostral Caudal Ventral Inferior In reference to the BRAIN

  8. Superior Rostral Ventral Dorsal Anterior Posterior Caudal Inferior In reference to brainstem & spinal cord

  9. Neural Axis

  10. Terminology • Medial - toward the midline • Lateral - away from the midline • Ipsilateral - same side • Contralateral - opposite side • Decussate - crossover ~

  11. Medial: toward the midline Lateral: away from midline

  12. Ipsilateral same side mid-line Contralateral opposite side of mid-line

  13. This tract of fibers decussates. • It crosses the midline

  14. Afferent Efferent Terminology • Afferent - toward • Efferent - away from ~

  15. Planes • Coronal or frontal • cross-section - salami • Sagittal - side view • hot-dog bun • Horizontal • top view ~

  16. Coronal Section

  17. Horizontal Section View from top

  18. Mid-sagittal Section Side view

  19. Forebrain • Cortical areas • Fiber systems • Landmarks • Fissures /Sulci • Gyri • Lobes ~

  20. Superior surface Longitudinal Fissure (sulcus)

  21. Central sulcus Lateral sulcus

  22. Major Lobes

  23. Frontal planning motor control emotion Parietal somatosensory maps of body & space Temporal auditory memory Occipital vision ~ Major Lobes & Primary Function

  24. The Meninges • Tough connective tissue • Dura mater - tough outer layer • Arachnoid membrane - soft middle layer • Pia mater - soft inner layer, next to brain ~

  25. Subarachnoid space • Gap between arachnoid membrane and pia mater • Filled with Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) • Brain floats in CSF ~

  26. The Meninges Dura mater Arachnoid membrane Subarachnoid space CSF Pia mater Brain

  27. Ventricular System • *Continuous with subarachnoid space • 4 interconnected ventricles • chambers • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) • manufactured in choroid plexus • 125 ml, t1/2= 3 hrs • *Buoyancy: 1400 g  50 g • Hydrocephalus • blockage of CSF flow ~

  28. Cerebral Aqueduct Central Canal Ventricular System Lateral Ventricles L V L V Third Ventricle 3rd Fourth Ventricle 4th

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