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Overview of Poetic Elements Part II. Symbol Paradox Overstatement (hyperbole). Understatement Irony Verbal Dramatic Situation. 5 More Poetic Elements. Figurative Language Part II Symbol . Symbol: Something that means more than what it is.
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Symbol Paradox Overstatement (hyperbole) Understatement Irony Verbal Dramatic Situation 5 More Poetic Elements
Figurative Language Part IISymbol • Symbol: Something that means more than what it is. • Image: means what it is—”A shaggy brown dog was rubbing its back against a white picket fence.” • Metaphor: means something other than what it is—”Some dirty dog stole my wallet.” • Symbol: means what it is and something more, too—You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.”
“The Road Not Taken” (p. 734) is an example of the use of symbol. • The literal meaning describes an experience by a traveler in a wood. • The symbolic meaning describes any major choice in life and the feelings surrounding it.
Other Poems Which Use Symbol • Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost (p. 793) • “To the Virgins to Make Much of Time” by Robert Herrick (p. 742) • “Fire and Ice” by Robert Frost (p. 746) • “The Writer” by Richard Wilbur (p. 751) • “Because I could not stop for Death” by Emily Dickinson (p. 752)
An apparent contradiction that is nevertheless somehow true Paradox
Examples of Paradox • “Much Madness is Divinest Sense” by Emily Dickinson (p. 757) • “Batter my heart, three-personed God” by John Donne (p. 766) • “Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me.” • “A Considerable Speck” by Robert Frost (p. 771) • Also employs the use of irony
Overstatement/Understatement • hyperbole = exaggeration • Understatement = saying less than one means • Examples of hyperbole: • “The Road Not Taken” (p. 734) • “I shall be telling this ages and ages hence” • “Incident” by Countee Cullen (p. 769) • “That’s all that I remember”
More Examples of Overstatement/Understatement • “Fire and Ice” by Robert Frost (p.746) • “for destruction/ice is also great/and will suffice” • Understatement • “Sorting Laundry” by Elisavietta Ritchie (p. 767) • Overstatement: “a mountain of unsorted wash” • “The Sun Rising” by John Donne (p. 759) • Overstatement • also employs extended use of apostrophe
Verbal Irony • Saying the opposite of what one means • “To every woman a happy ending.” • Example—”Barbie Doll” by Marge Piercy (p. 762)
Discrepancy between the speaker’s meaning and the poem’s meaning Example—”The Chimney Sweeper” by William Blake (p. 763) Dramatic Irony
Another Example of Dramatic Irony • “My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning (p. 775) • Click on link for a full-screen version of the poem http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~jdavis6/poem.html
Irony of Situation • Something unexpected happens • Ozymandias (p. 764) • Poem on next slide