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ACRYLONITRILE

ACRYLONITRILE. A Briefing on the Compound and Issues Surrounding It. OUTLINE. What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? Why is ACN Important? Issues Surrounding ACN Data Monitoring Sources Next Steps. What is ACN?. ACRYLONITRILE CHEMICAL FORMULA. What is ACN?. CHARACTERISTICS

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ACRYLONITRILE

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  1. ACRYLONITRILE A Briefing on the Compound and Issues Surrounding It

  2. OUTLINE • What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? • Why is ACN Important? • Issues Surrounding ACN Data • Monitoring • Sources • Next Steps

  3. What is ACN? • ACRYLONITRILE CHEMICAL FORMULA

  4. What is ACN? CHARACTERISTICS • Man-made synthetic chemical: no natural sources • In pure form, polymerizes spontaneously and violently in the presence of sunlight • Half-life of approx. 50 hrs in ambient air • Reacts with hydroxyl radicals and oxygen

  5. OUTLINE • What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? • Why is ACN Important? • Issues Surrounding ACN Data • Monitoring • Sources • Next Steps

  6. Why is ACN Important? RISK FROM ACRYLONITRILE • 2004 statewide annual average was 0.48 ppb, a risk of 300 in a million • 2004 South Coast annual average was 0.52 ppb, a risk of 320 in a million • Risk from diesel pm is estimated at 300 – 650 in a million • Risk from benzene and butadiene together is 83 in a million

  7. Why is ACN Important?

  8. Why is ACN Important?

  9. OUTLINE • What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? • Why is ACN Important? • Issues Surrounding ACN Data • Monitoring • Sources • Next Steps

  10. Issues Surrounding ACN Data:Monitoring BACKGROUND • Started in July, 2003, MLD SOP066 • Samples in canisters collected over 24 hrs 1-in-12 days in regular TAC network using regular samplers in place (not cleaned) • Analyzed by preconcentration GC/MS • NIST calibration standard used • Lab results confirmed independently by Dr. Rasmussen

  11. Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Monitoring DATA ANALYSIS • Maximum concentrations found in the summer • Maximum concentrations found during the periods of highest temperature • No correlation with auto exhaust pollutants • Concentrations in 12 other states found to be greater than in California

  12. Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Monitoring

  13. Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Monitoring SAMPLING ISSUES • Parallel monitoring by ARB and SCAQMD at LA N Main in Fall of 2006 • Samples collected by ARB contained detectable concentrations of acrylonitrile • Samples collected by SCAAQMD contained no detectable acrylonitrile • Possibilities: ARB sampler creating acrylonitrile or SC sampler destroying it

  14. Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Monitoring ARE THE DATA REAL? • Nist standard used, lab cross-checks confirm can concentrations, stable in cans • Numerous sources identified • Sampler checks show no generation • TTP audits show losses in SCAQMD samplers • Past experience with canisters show losses unless active sites are passivated

  15. Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Monitoring RESOLUTION OF DIFFERENCE • Investigations narrowed the differences to the samplers used by SCAQMD and ARB • Samplers are identical, except that the ARB samplers have been the field for over 15 years, whereas SCAQMD samplers are cleaned prior to each use • TTP audits show ACN losses with SCAQMD samplers

  16. OUTLINE • What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? • Why is ACN Important? • Issues Surrounding ACN Data • Monitoring • Sources • Next Steps

  17. Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Sources • Emission inventory contains little information on emissions • No acrylonitrile manufacturing use in CA • Acrylonitrile used in a wide variety of polymers, paints, adhesives, and fibers • Auto parts • Polymer extruding operations?

  18. Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Sources GRAB SAMPLING • Grab samples taken in three Sacramento homes: <0.3, 0.6, <0.3 ppb • Grab sample taken in cab of truck on car lot: 6 ppb • Grab sample taken in private garage: 11 ppb • It really is there

  19. ABS Polymer 4.4 ug/gm ABS Pipe 11 ug/gm ABS Plate 5 ug/gm Acrylic glue 47 ug/gm Latex Paint 0.4 ug/gm Enamel Paint 1.2 ug/gm N Gloves 1.5 ug/gm Carpet 0.3 ug/gm Sheet Vinyl 0.3 ug/gm Ceramic Glue 0.2 ug/gm Fingernail Polish 12 ug/gm Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Sources FLUX CHAMBER EMISSIONS

  20. Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Sources OTHER PUBLISHED WORK Sampling and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Evolved During Thermal Processing of ABS Composite Resins. Cantos, et. al., JAWMA, 45, 686-694.

  21. OUTLINE • What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)? • Why is ACN Important? • Issues Surrounding ACN Data • Monitoring • Sources • Next Steps

  22. NEXT STEPS • New samplers are to be challenged with acrylonitrile to determine the extent of passivation required • The acrylonitrile working group should be re-activated and efforts to determine sources of acrylonitrile be continued • Other groups nationally (NATTS) should be advised

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