Qualitative Approaches for Food and Nutrition Security Assessments

1. Qualitative Approaches for Food and Nutrition Security Assessments Training Workshop Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments – prepared with ECHO financial assistance

2. Welcome and Introductions Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

3. Let’s Get to Know Each Other Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

4. Let’s Agree on Some Ground Rules Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

5. Expectations Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

6. Workshop Objectives By the end of this workshop Participants are expected to: • Demonstrate an improved understanding of the importance of qualitative data in food security assessments. • Upgrade their skills in conducting qualitative data collection methods and using tools • Be able to analyze qualitative FSNA data, including complementing it with quantitative data Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

7. Workshop Agenda Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

8. Before we get going… I’m afraid it’s time for a Test! Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

9. WFP Initial QFSA A Learning

10. Oh…it’s not that bad. Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

11. What is Food Security? “Access by all people at all times to food required for health life” “A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

12. EXPOSURE TO SHOCKS AND HAZARDS Nutrition Status/ Mortality Individual Level Individual Food Intake Health Status/ Disease Context/ Framework Food Availability/Markets Basic Services & Infrastructure Political, Economical, Inst’l, Security, Social, Cultural, Gender, Environment Agro-ecological Conditions/ Climate HH Food Access Care/Health Practices Health & Hygiene Conditions HH Level Livelihood Outcomes Livelihood Strategies HH Food Production, Gifts, Exchange, Cash Earnings, Loan, Savings, Transfers Community/ HH level Livelihood Assets Natural, Physical, Human, Economic, Social Assets Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

13. Conceptual Framework: Sustainable Livelihoods • It’s ONE WAY of “organising” the complex issues surrounding food insecurity, well-being, income, and sustainability of livelihoods • It’s NOT the ONLY WAY • Like all frameworks, it needs to be: • Modified • Adapted • Made appropriate to local circumstances • Made appropriate to local priorities Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

14. What is a “Livelihood” A livelihood comprises thecapabilities, assets (includingboth material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainablewhen it can copewith and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities (hence, resilience) and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base. Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

15. Livelihoods assets Human Capital Social Capital Natural Capital Household Physical Capital Financial Capital Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

16. The Asset Mix • Different households with different access to livelihood “assets” • Livelihoods affected by: • diversity of assets • amount of assets Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

17. Human Capital Social Capital Natural Capital Physical Capital Financial Capital So…….. Human capital • has labor capacity • no education • limited skills Natural capital • landless • access to common property resources Financial capital • low wage • no access to credit Physical capital • poor water supply • poor housing • poor communications Social capital • low social status • descrimination against women • strong links with family & friends • traditions of reciprocal exchange = an extremely reduced “livelihood pentagon” Landless female Agricultural Laborer head of household Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

18. H N S Household P F “Vulnerability” Context Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes Political Strife Conflict Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

19. Policies, Institutions & Processes • of government • of different LEVELS of government • of NGOs • of interational bodies • Policies • political, legislative & representative bodies • executive agencies • judicial bodies • civil society & membership organisations • NGOs • law, money • political parties • commercial enterprises & corporations • Institutions • Processes • the “rules of the game” • decision-making processes • social norms & customs • gender Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

20. H Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes N S influence Household P F Policies, Institutions & Processes Policies Institutions Processes Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

21. Livelihood Strategies Combining: • the assets they can access Taking account of: • the vulnerability context Supported or obstructed by: • policies, institutions and processes. ………..………..leading to Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

22. Livelihood Outcomes Food insecurity, thus, is a “poor” livelihood outcome due to: • a fragile or unbalanced set of livelihood assets (not enough or not the “right” mix) • inability to sustain to shocks, changes or trends • limited support/protection provided (policies, institutions) • livehood options combined in a “bad” or unsustainable strategy Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

23. H N S Livelihood Outcomes Household influence P F The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes Policies Institutions Processes Livelihood Strategies Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

24. UNDERSTANDINGgeneratedfrom applyingthe Sustainable LivelihoodsFramework PRINCIPLES for action to address poverty and food insecurity Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments

25. Break 30 min Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments