*READ , HIGHLIGHT AND ANSWER YOUR ASSIGNED QUESTIONS

1. *READ, HIGHLIGHT AND ANSWER YOUR ASSIGNED QUESTIONS REVOLUTION JOURNAL # 1: “Battles of Bunker and Breeds Hill” PBS “Battle of Bunker Hill” • Where is Bunker Hill located? • Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill a costly victory for the British? REVOLUTION JOURNAL # 2 : “ Battles of Trenton and Princeton” PBS “Battle of Trenton and Princeton” HISTORICAL QUESTION: What was the importance of the Battles of Trenton and Princeton?

2. Bunker and Breeds Hill were located on Charlestown Penninsula inside of Boston Harbor • The battle of Bunker/Breeds Hill was the first major battle of the American Revolution. It was a costly victory for the British because they lost over 1,000 men compared with 450 American casualties.

3. The Battles of Trenton and Princeton were important because they gave the colonists their first victories during the war and much needed confidence to continue to “ stay the course”. Their goal was to get independence from Mother England. These victories also pushed the British out of NJ back to NYC. HISTORICAL HAPPENING: George Washington crosses the Delaware on CHRISTMAS Night to surprise Hessian troops at Trenton

4. REVOLUTION JOURNAL #3 : “THOMASPAINE’SCOMMON SENSE” • Define propaganda • How did  Patriot Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense become propaganda for the cause of independence from British rule? Give examples from video clip “Liberty Kids #12”

5. *READ, HIGHLIGHT AND ANSWER YOUR ASSIGNED QUESTIONS REVOLUTION JOURNAL # 4 : “ Battle of Long Island” HISTORICAL QUESTION: PBS Battle of Long Island      8 min • Research "Who is Nathan Hale"? and why he said "I regret that I have but one life to give for my country!" • Was the Battle of Long Island a British or Patriot Victory? Explain why this side won in late August 1776.

6. REVOLUTION JOURNAL #5 : “DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE” • Why was the Declaration of Independence considered to be a “Declaration of War”? • How did the Declaration of Independence change the world forever?

7. It was a “Declaration” of war because it was a list of 28 indictments (grievences or wrong doings) against King George III. • The Declaration of Independence changed the world forever because it was the first war of ideas and philosophies; * First time that it was “penned” that we could think for ourselves and that we were entitled to ‘god-given’ rights that government could not take away.

8. American Revolution began about taxes and ended with ideas and a new found sense of freedom and equality for all.

9. REVOLUTION JOURNAL #5: Victory at Philadelphia HISTORICAL QUESTION: What was the significance of the British victory at Philadelphia on September 26, 1777?

10. *READ, HIGHLIGHT AND ANSWER YOUR ASSIGNED QUESTIONS REVOLUTION JOURNAL # 6 : “ Battle of Saratoga” RESEARCH: Who is Benedict Arnold? HISTORICAL QUESTION: Why was the Battle of Saratoga a major turning point of the American Revolution?

11. G QUIZ FOCUS ANSWERS • A bold commander who contributed to the victory at Saratoga. • Arnold began taking bribes from the British because he was overlooked by his superiors. • Arnold was a part of the British plot to take the American fort at West Point.

12. 4. Once he was found out, Arnold fled and became a British officer who led vicious raids against the Americans. 5. After the war, Arnold and his family were granted a royal pension and given land in Canada.

13. HISTORICAL ANSWER: BATTLE OF SARATOGA, NEW YORK ~ MAJOR TURNING POINT IN AMERICAN REVOLUTION • The capture of a British army at Saratoga encouraged the French to formally enter the war in support of the American Congress. • Benjamin Franklin negotiated a permanent military alliance in early 1778 between France and the colonies, significantly becoming the first country to officially recognize the Declaration of Independence.

14. Later Spain (in 1779) and the Dutch (1780) became allies of the French, leaving the British Empire to fight a global war alone without major allies, and requiring it to slip through a combined blockade of the Atlantic.

15. CLASS ACTIVITY: REVOLUTION JOURNAL # 7 : “The War at Sea 1789” RESEARCH: • Who were the privateers? • Why were privateers important to the Americans war effort? REVOLUTION JOURNAL # 8 : “ Battle of Yorktown, Virginia” HISTORICAL QUESTION: a. What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown,Virginia? b. Wht was the name of the treaty that ended the American Revolution?

16. 1. American privateering activity during the American Revolution became an industry born of necessity that encouraged patriotic private citizens to harass British shipping while risking their lives and resources for financial gain. • Letters of Marque and Reprisal authorized private parties to attack enemy vessels. • A Privateer Commission was issued to vessels, called privateers or cruisers, whose primary objective was to disrupt enemy shipping. The ideal target was an unarmed, or lightly armed, commercial ship.

17. Privateering was a way of collecting armed ships and sailors without having to spend public money or commit naval officers. • They were of great benefit to a smaller naval power or one facing an enemy dependent on trade: • they disrupted commerce and pressured the enemy to send warships to protect merchant trade against commerce raiders. (Pirates!) • It has been argued that privateering was a less destructive and wasteful form of warfare, because the goal was to capture ships rather than to sink them • 55,000American seamen served aboard the privateers. • Long Island Sound became a hot bed of privateering activity during the American Revolution (1775–1783), as most transports to and from New York went through the Sound. • New London, Connecticut was a chief privateering port for the American colonies, leading to the British Navy blockading it in 1778-1779.

18. A. Yorktown was the last major battle of the revolution. AND the reason we “trust the French!) • BritishGeneral Cornwallis was against French general Marquis de Lafayette and General George Washington. • the French naval fleet defeated the British navy, thus prohibiting them from entering Chesapeake Bay and giving aid and resources to Cornwallis. • Cornwallis was surrounded--Washington's troops came from the North and Lafayette's from the South. • This was called the 'pincer' strategy. Cornwallis couldn't go anywhere--by land (blockage by Washington and Lafayette) or by sea (blockage by DeGrasse). • Cornwallis surrended on October 17, 1781 his troops vastly outnumbered. By winning this battle, America won the war. • B. The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolution. • -It is most famous for being "exceedingly generous" to the United States in terms of enlarged boundaries.