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Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics. Objective: describe the theory of plate tectonics. Plate Tectonics. The crust is embedded into the lithosphere and broken into plates . Plate Tectonics.

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Plate Tectonics

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  1. Plate Tectonics Objective: describe the theory of plate tectonics

  2. Plate Tectonics • The crust is embedded into the lithosphere and broken into plates

  3. Plate Tectonics • Plate tectonics: continents are embedded in lithospheric plates, as the lithosphere moves on the asthenosphere, the continents also move.

  4. What makes plates move? • The heat of the mantle forms a process called Convection. • As the magma in the mantle that is close to the core heats up, it rises towards the surface of the Earth. • When it gets near the surface it cools and sinks back down again, gets re-heated and the process repeats

  5. Why do plates move? • This movement of magma into the asthenosphere is what causes the lithosphere and plates to move!

  6. Develop a Theory • Come up with a theory to explain the next 3 pieces of evidence…

  7. Evidence #1 • The continents look like they fit together.

  8. Evidence #2 • Some fossils are only found in isolated parts of the world all the way across the oceans.

  9. Evidence #3 • Rock layers and structures match in continents separated by the oceans.

  10. What does this evidence support about how the world looked 250 million years ago? • Why/What caused continents to move?

  11. Continental Drift Theory • Continental drift theory is the movement of the continents • It states that 250 million years ago the continents were one super continent and have since drifted apart • The super continent is called Pangaea

  12. The Evidence: • While we cannot go back 250 million years and observe the position of the continents (since we don’t have a time machine), here is the evidence that supports continental drift theory:

  13. Evidence for continental drift • The continents appear to fit together 2. Fossils of the same animals and plants are found on different continents 3. Matching rock formations are found on different continents

  14. Stop!

  15. Plate Boundaries • The edge of a plate where it meets another plate is called a Plate Boundary • There are three things that can happen at plate boundaries: • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

  16. 1: Plates can move apart- Divergent • Animation! • http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn/plate4.htm

  17. Divergent: • This happens at Mid-ocean ridges, it causes the sea to get wider. (Sea-Floor Spreading) • Causes earthquakes, volcanoes, rift valleys, ridges. • Ex: the Mid-Atlantic ridge, the East Pacific Rise

  18. 2: Plates can slide past each other- Transform

  19. Transform: • Plates slide past each other • Causes earthquakes • Ex: San Andreas Fault, North Anatolian Fault • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

  20. 3) Plates move towards each other- Convergent • Three types of convergent boundaries- • Ocean-ocean subduction • Ocean-continent subduction • Continent-continent collision Subduction means one plate diving under another plate

  21. A: Ocean-ocean subduction • Occurs deep in the ocean. • Causes deep-sea trenches, earthquakes, volcanic island arcs • Ex: Indonesian Islands

  22. A: Ocean-ocean subduction • PICTURE!

  23. B: Ocean-continent subduction • An oceanic plate dives under a continental plate • Causes deep-sea trenches along continents, earthquakes, volcanoes on the edge of a continent • Ex: Western coast of South America • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

  24. B: Ocean-continent subduction • Picture!

  25. C: Continent-Continent Collision • Two continents run in to each other. • Causes mountains to rise (mountain building), earthquakes • Ex: Himalayas- India crashed in to Asia! • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0808/es0808page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

  26. C: Continent-Continent Collision http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0808/es0808page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

  27. Questions (due Monday!): • Section review 8.2- pg 179 • 1: Explain how new oceanic crust is formed at a divergent boundary. • 2: Describe two different types of subduction boundaries. Use the plate boundary map on pages 712-713 to identify an example of each type. • 3: Describe what happens at a collision boundary. Identify a collision boundary on the map on pages 712-713. • 4: Describe the movement of plates at a transform boundary, and give some examples. • 5: What types of plate boundaries are not shown in the diagram on pages 174-175? • 6: Critical Thinking: Explain how the densities of oceanic crust and continental crust influence what happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate. • 7: Geography: In 2001, a large earthquake related to the movements of two plates occurred about 20 kilometers northeast of Olympia, Washington. Use the map on pages 712-713 to identify the plates and the type of boundary they share.

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