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Chapter 3 Physiological Approaches to Personality

Personality Psychology. Chapter 3 Physiological Approaches to Personality. Physiological Perspective. Physiology is important to the extent that differences in physiology create, contribute to, or indicate differences in psychological functioning. Sheldon’s Physiological Approach

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Chapter 3 Physiological Approaches to Personality

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  1. Personality Psychology Chapter 3 Physiological Approaches to Personality

  2. Physiological Perspective Physiology is important to the extent that differences in physiology create, contribute to, or indicate differences in psychological functioning

  3. Sheldon’s Physiological Approach to Personality • Body type determines personality • Mesomorph • Ectomorph • Endomorph

  4. Physiological Measures Commonly Used in Personality Research • Electrodermal Activity • Cardiovascular Activity • Brain Electrical Activity • Other Measures

  5. Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Extraversion-Introversion Eysenck’s Theory: Introverts are characterized by higher levels of activity in the brain’s ascending reticular activating system

  6. Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment Gray’s reinterpretation of Eysenck’s theory led to the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory • Behavioral Activation System • Behavioral Inhibition System

  7. Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Sensation Seeking Grew out of studies on sensory deprivation

  8. Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Sensation Seeking • Hobb’s Theory of Optimal Level of Arousal • Zuckerman’s Theory and Research

  9. Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Neurotransmitter Theories • Dopamine and Pleasure • Seratonin and Depression • Norepinepherine and Fight-or-Flight

  10. Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Neurotransmitter Theories Cloninger’s Tridimensional Personality Model • Novelty Seeking • Harm Avoidance • Reward Dependence

  11. Pavlov’s Personality Theory “Strong” and “Weak” nervous systems Subsequent Research High reactive people need less stimulation Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Strength of the Nervous System

  12. Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Morningness-Eveningness • Circadian Rhythms • Temporal-Isolation Studies • Free Running/Short and Long Biological Rhythms

  13. Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Morningness-Eveningness • Horne and Ostberg Questionnaire • Practical Consequences of Morningness-Eveningness

  14. Physiological-Based Dimensions of Personality Brain Asymmetry and Affective Style More active with pleasant emotion More active with negative emotions

  15. Summary • Sheldon’s Physiological Approach • Physiological Measures • Physiologically-Based Dimensions of Personality

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