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Website Accessibility Reviews 

Learn about the goals, methods, and pros and cons of automated and manual accessibility testing, as well as how to interpret and address the results. Discover common issues and solutions, including discernible links, PDF accessibility, repetitive links, and third-party content.

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Website Accessibility Reviews 

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  1. Website Accessibility Reviews  Noelle Bareswilt & Katie Lane June 5, 2019

  2. What is Accessibility Testing • Provides feedback on areas in which barriers may be present for users to access or engage with your content • The goal is not a number. The goal is to increase access for the largest group of possible users

  3. Accessibility Goals • Perceivable – Receive and recognize content • Operable – Navigate and interact • Understandable – Readable, legible and comprehensible • Robust – Consumable across platforms and devices

  4. Automated vs. Manual Testing • Both testing types work together to provide an overall picture of accessibility  • Each has benefits and should be used in tandem

  5. Automated Testing Results • Proper HTML/CSS Properties • Color contrast • Whether graphic descriptions exist • Ensure links have discernible text • Ensure lists and headings are used correctly • Document issues

  6. Pros and Cons of Automated Testing • Ability to scan an entire site • Same scan standards across all sites • No human error factors • Doesn’t handle dynamic content  • Can’t test for context • False sense of accessibility

  7. When 100% Isn’t Perfect • We are testing the ability of humans to interact with a website, therefore human testing will always be required • Automated testing can be used as a starting point for manual testing

  8. Manual Testing Results • Logical focus order • Missing headings/proper heading use • Is alt-text accurate • Accurate table headers • Are video captions accurate? • Link text is descriptive

  9. Pros and Cons of Manual Testing • Find issues computers can't find • Testing from a user view • No "false positives" • Takes a long time • High learning curve • Not "black and white"

  10. Interpreting Results • Results from an initial scan can be overwhelming • Never one person’s responsibility to address issues • Remediation should be a combined effort by content contributors, web developers and third parties

  11. Developer Issues • Accessibility errors that require code changes to remediate • Template and component issues • Third party plugin issues

  12. Content Contributors Issues • Content added directly to the page by web authors through a content management system.

  13. Discernible Links • Ensures that every link has an accessible name • It may be possible that the inner link text is not visible to a screen reader

  14. Discernible Links • This is a sentence on a page. This sentence will link to another page. This is a sentence with no link. 

  15. Discernible Links • <p>This is a <a href="http://www.uc.edu"></a>sentence on a page. This sentence will<a href="http://www.uc.edu">link to another page</a>. This is a sentence with no link.</p>

  16. Discernible Links • <p>This is a <a href="http://www.uc.edu">There should be text here</a>sentence on a page. This sentence will<a href="http://www.uc.edu">link to another page</a>. This is a sentence with no link.</p>

  17. Discernible Links • <p>This is a sentence on a page. This sentence will<a href="http://www.uc.edu">link to another page</a>. This is a sentence with no link.</p>

  18. Discernible Links • How to avoid • Always break links before deleting text • Clear all formatting when copying text

  19. PDF’s • Some PDF’s can be easily remediated, but some would require extensive hours and require alternate solutions.

  20. PDF’s • Possible solutions • Remediate current PDF • Recreate current inaccessible PDF as an accessible PDF • Make PDF web content • Creative solutions, think outside the box

  21. PDF’s – Creative Solution • Hoxworth certification PDF • Make this an image and provide appropriate alt text. • Doesn’t apply to all situations – you can’t make all PDF’s images and provide alt text.

  22. Repetitive Links • Several links on a single page pointing to the same URL

  23. Third-Party Issues • Content not created by you • Documents provided from outside your office/employer

  24. Third-Party Example • Youtube video from promotional company doesn’t have captions. • Reactive solution: Reach out to the company to caption the video or pay to caption the video yourself • Proactive solution: Make sure captioning is a requirement for any future video productions

  25. Living in the Grey • Accessibility is not an absolute - websites should never be thought of in terms of inaccessible or accessible • There is always something that can be improved

  26. Accessibility Testing at UC • Services the QA Team Provides • Automated Testing • Manual Testing • Document Review/Remediation  • Testing before a production push • Automated/Manual Review • Remediation

  27. Testing Resources – What can you do? • You can perform accessibility tests too! • Automated Tools • Deque axe, WebAim WAVE, Chrome Dev Tools • Manual Tests • Tab through your page to check that you can reach everything • Check your videos, tables, and images for captions/descriptions • Think about your content

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