Academic Recognition in Team Science

1. UMCCTS Webinar on Team Science September 22, 2016 Academic Recognition in the New World of Team Science Luanne E Thorndyke, MD Vice Provost for Faculty Affairs Robert Milner, PhDAssociate Vice Provost for Professional Development Map of Scientific Collaborations computed by Olivier H. Beauchesne and Scimago Labs, data by Elsevierhttp://olihb.com/2011/01/23/map-of-scientific-collaboration-between-researchers Ledford, Nature 452: 682 (2008)

2. Disclosure We have no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this program/presentation.

3. What we hope you learn from this session: To describe the growth of team science and its potential impact on academic advancement To describe how contributions to team science will be addressed in the revised UMMS Academic Personnel Policy (APP) To document your contributions to team science To evaluate contributions to team science

4. Once upon a time, in a monastery garden,science was a simpler business . . . Convento donde trabajó Mendel en Brno — Rafael Robles (CC BY 2.0)

5. Science began as an individual activity . . . focused on a single approach . . . Einstein Curie Pavlov . . . and individuals are still rewarded for their discoveries Koch

6. But today, science has become a team activity . . . 4 joint first authors 81 authors 4 joint senior authors UMMS authors Nature Genetics 48: 1037–42 (2016)

7. Why the growth of team science?

8. Collaborations have been key to advances in science . . . INFORMATION James Watson microbial genetics(Luria, Delbrück) interest in DNAas genetic material STRUCTURE Francis Crick X-ray crystallography(Bragg, Perutz) interest in the structure of molecules

9. The most interesting and challenging problems are in the gaps between fields ? No one discipline or approach can provide a complete solution

10. The increased volume of scientific informationhas resulted in increased specialization number of articles published increases by 5–7% per year data fromScopus* 1.3M 2.4M 2003 2013 —> your ability to keep pace with new information decreases by 5–7% per year —> increased specialization, length of training * Plume, A., & van Weijen, D.. Publish or perish? The rise of the fractional author…. Research Trends, 38 (Sep, 2014).https://www.researchtrends.com/issue-38-september-2014/publish-or-perish-the-rise-of-the-fractional-author

11. But today’s problems have increased complexity,requiring more complex solutions . . . diabetes health disparities global warming terrorism Examples from Sokols et al, The Science of Team Science, Am. J. Prev. Med. 35: S77–89 (2008)

12. The diabetes epidemic cannot be solvedby a single approach . . . Psychology Biochemistry Politics Health caredelivery Sociology Medicine Pharmacology Economics

13. Complex problems require interactions across disciplines . . . Modified from Sokols et al, The Science of Team Science, Am. J. Prev. Med. 35: S77–89 (2008)

14. As a result, scientific teams have increased in size, as demonstrated by increases in number of authors Jones BF, As Science Evolves, How Can Science Policy? Innovation Policy and the Economy11: 103-131 (2011) National Bureau of Economic Research

15. At UMMS, the number of authors on papers has increased dramatically over the last 10 years Median 2006 = 4 Median 2016 = 6 % of total papers Number of authors per paper

16. Traditionally academic advancement has focusedon individual accomplishments • First or last authorship on papers • Principal Investigator on grants • Invited presentations • Leadership in research, education or clinical practice

17. BUT in the last ten years the number of middle authors on UMMS papers has doubled 2006 median 4authors/paper 2016 median 6authors/paper How do we recognize these authors for their work?

18. The current UMMS Academic Personnel Policy (APP) mentions team activities only once Activities that provide evidence of an "Entry" level of achievement “contributions to ongoing programs/teams involved in clinical, public health or research activities” Revision of the APP provides the opportunity for change!

19. How should we recognize individuals for their contributions to team science in the evaluation of faculty for academic advancement?

20. The revised APP will acknowledgethe value and reality of team science • The definition of scholarship includes defined contributions to thescholarship of team projects • For appointment or promotion at UMMS, a faculty member must demonstrate scholarship but the scholarship can be demonstrated individually or through contribution(s) to a team.

21. Faculty will need guidance on how to documentand evaluate team contributions Candidate for Promotion: How do I document my team contributions so that they are recognized and valued? • Faculty Reviewer: • How do I evaluate a candidate’s team contributions in recommending promotion? GOAL: recognition of distinct intellectualcontributions to team projects

22. Candidates can document their contributions to teams in the components of their Basic File BasicFile CurriculumVitae ReferenceLetters NarrativeStatement

23. Candidates can annotate their bibliography to define their roles on papers Mutagenesis of the Left Hallux. Allen A, Brown B,*Candidate C, Davis D, Evans E, & Fox F.Annals of Tetrapod Research123: 456–9 (2016). *methodology, data analysis, review & editing

24. The CRediT* taxonomy provides a classification of the roles leading to a paper • Conceptualization • Methodology • Software • Validation • Formal Analysis • Investigation • Resources • Data Curation • Original Draft Preparation • Review & Editing • Visualization • Supervision • Project Administration • Funding Acquisition *Contributor Roles Taxonomyhttp://ref.casrai.org/CRediT

25. Candidates can list their role on grants,even if they are not the principal investigator Big Pharma Ltd David Chief, MD, (PI) Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Halluxib in Treatment of Foot Pain Total cost: $162,000 Role: Co-Investigator (10%)

26. Recommendation letters can describe a candidate’s contributions to teams and their impact “Dr. Candidate played an essential role in the study on the left hallux: the project would not have been successful without the method for mutagenesis that she developed and her careful analysis of the data.” Letters from collaborators and supervisors, although inherently biased, can give important insight into a candidate’s contributions to teams

27. Candidates can describe their contributions to teams in a Narrative Statement “I have developed a new method for mutagenesis that involves a novel approach to data analysis. Our team has applied this method to several projects, including the ground-breaking study on the left hallux.” Don’t be shy about defining your contributions!

28. The Criteria for Tenure at NIH provides a model for evaluation of team contributions For team research, clear evidence of distinct intellectual contribution to the outstanding research of a multidisciplinary team, such as: • independent publication of methodological or seminal contributions to the candidate's specific research area • explicit in-print acknowledgement of unique creative contributions in multi-author publications • selection for presentation of team findings at national and international scientific conferences

29. NCI Center for Cancer Research has criteria for evaluating contributions to team science For a candidate involved in collaborative, multidisciplinary, or interdisciplinary research: • What is their role in driving the project(s) forward? • Are they leading a major effort within the project or making key scientific contributions to it? • What accomplishments/achievements can be attributed to the candidate? • Was the contribution essential for the overall success of the project? • To what degree did the contribution influence the overall outcome or direction of the project?

30. Next Steps . . . • The revised APP will enable candidates to be recognized for team contributions • We will help faculty engaged in team science document their team contributions • We will educate faculty reviewers on the evaluation of team contributions • We welcome your thoughts and suggestions Questions?