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Chapter 13 Diversity, Conflict, Union. Section 1 Mediterranean Europe. I. A history of Ancient Glory. Civilization was born here. Reasons 1 st , the mild climate made survival easier. 2 nd , the nearby Mediterranean sea encourage overseas trade and where able to trade ideas & goods.
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Chapter 13Diversity, Conflict, Union Section 1 Mediterranean Europe
I. A history of Ancient Glory • Civilization was born here. Reasons • 1st, the mild climate made survival easier. • 2nd, the nearby Mediterranean sea encourage overseas trade and where able to trade ideas & goods.
1. Greece: Birthplace of Democracy • Ancient Greece left a lasting legacy to modern civilization. • The city-state of Athens developed the first democracy. • It helped inspire the U.S. system of govt. • Greek science, philosophy, drama, & art helped shape modern culture. • In 400s B.C., conflict with Sparta, a rival city-state weaken Greece.
2. The Roman Empire • As the Greece lost power, a state to the west was rising, Rome, which ruled most of the Italian Peninsula by 275 B.C. • They grew by conquering territory overseas, including the Iberian & Balkan peninsulas. • They started ruling by an emperor, ending the republic. • One of Rome’s overseas territories was Palestine, the place where Jesus was born, Christianity spread and became it official religion.
II. Moving Toward Modern Times • The 3 Mediterranean peninsulas had very different histories. • The Balkan Peninsula stayed part of Eastern Empire. • Italy saw birth of the Renaissance. • Portugal & Spain launched the Age of Exploration.
1. Italian City-States: The invaders who overran the Italian Peninsula had not tradition of strong central government. Italy became divided into many small states & stay that way for centuries. • In 1096, European Christians launched the Crusades, a series of wars to take Palestine from the Muslims. • Renaissance, between 14th & 16th century, & it was inspired by classical art & writings. • In 1347, the bubonic plague reached Italy from Asia & killed millions of Europeans.
2. Spain’s Empire: In the 700s, Muslims from North Africa conquered the Iberian Peninsula. • They had controlled until 1492, when Spain’s Catholic rulers, Ferdinand & Isabella , retook it. • Queen Isabella also paid for Christopher Columbus’s first voyage, through these voyages they where able to spread Catholicism & The Spanish & Portuguese languages throughout the world.
III. A Rich Cultural Legacy: • Mediterranean Europe’s history shaped its culture by determining where languages are spoken & where religions are practiced today.
1. Rome’s Cultural Legacy: Unlike many areas of Europe that Rome conquered, Greece retained its own language. • Portuguese, Spanish, & Italian are Romance Languages that came from Latin, the language of Rome. • Greece is Eastern Orthodox Christianity & Roman Catholicism is strong in Italy.
2. Centuries of Art: Greece & Italy have ancient ruins, such as the Parthenon. • Spain has Roman aqueducts structures that carried water for long distances, & Muslim mosque. • Renaissance painting & sculpture. Artistic legacy, artists as Pablo Picasso of Spain.
IV. Economic Change • Because of the Mediterranean region’s sunny climate & historic sites, tourism has long been a large part of its part of its economy.
