B. A. T. Basic Appliance Training Basic Electricity & Reading Schematics

1. B. A. T.Basic Appliance TrainingBasic Electricity&Reading Schematics

2. & Presented by Jim Campbell

3. General Housekeeping • Please turn your Electronic communication devices to vibrate. • If you must take a call, be respectful of others and please leave the room or area. • If your phone rings audibly, you will be required to sing a full verse of a Justin Bieber song, including chorus. Thank you

4. Program Outline • Safety • Fundamentals • Voltage, Current Flow, Resistance, Wattage • Terminology & Symbols • Terms used in the Electrical and Major Appliance Industry • Recognizing symbols • Things that are Consistent

5. Program Outline • Circuit Fundamentals • Complete Circuit • Series • Parallel • Combination Circuits (Series/Parallel) • Electrical Components • Switches/Controls, Timers, Motors, Transformers, Printed Circuit Boards (PCB), Thermistors & Sensors

6. Program Outline • Use of Instruments • Volt meters, Ohm meters, Watt meters, Ammeters, Capacitance • Tips & Tricks • Jumpers, Cheater Cords, Simulators • Hop-scotching • Testing complete circuits • Reading Schematics

7. Electricity & Troubleshooting • The most common problems occur with the greatest frequency • 85 % of the calls you encounter are going to be common problems • Pumps, Inlet Valves, Belts & other common problems that you will see a lot of and often – these don’t really take too much thought to find

8. Electricity & Troubleshooting • 15 % of the calls you encounter are going to cost you the greatest amount of time to troubleshoot and diagnose • Trip after Trip • Part after Part • These problems are going to be head scratchers, hard to figure out, have to use a VOM, have to read and interpret the schematic and do some heavy troubleshooting

9. Safety

10. Safety You should practice working on every piece of equipment like it is “Live” or has power going to it.

11. Safety • Disconnect power before servicing or moving appliances • Test to ensure power is OFF • Follow Safe Servicing procedures as outlined by the manufacturer • Reconnect all Safety grounds • Make sure all panels and covers are re-installed correctly

12. Safety • Use properly sized extension cords – shorter the better • Use a GFCI to protect yourself

13. Fundamentals

14. Fundamentals • Remember: • Current always takes the path of least resistance • When using an Ohm meter, it’s input follows this rule • Study schematics on working equipment • Practice makes perfect

15. Fundamentals • Voltage is pressure that creates a flow of electrons • Measured in Volts • With a Volt meter • Voltage is the potential difference across two points – L1 to N, L1 to L2

16. Fundamentals • Current is the actual flow of electrons through a load or conductor and is measured in Amps with an Ammeter, clamp-on or in-line • Resistance is the opposition to current flow and is measured in Ohms with an Ohm meter. Normally drops voltage. • Caution: using an Ohm meter – disconnect power • An Ohm meter can lie to you! • Will the proper current flow in the circuit?

17. Electron Flow

18. Fundamentals • Voltage and Current relationship • Increase voltage, more current flow • Decrease voltage, less current flow • Current and Resistance relationship • High resistance - Low current flow • Low resistance - High current flow • Watts and Current relationship • Current (Amps) x Voltage (Volts) = Watts • Watts / (divided by) Volts = Amps

19. Fundamentals Ohm’s Law – Watt’s Law

20. Fundamentals • Ohm’s Law and Watt’s Law expresses the relationship between Volts, Amps, Ohms and Watts relative to a complete circuit when voltage is applied, current is flowing and when actual work is being performed by the circuit.

21. Fundamentals • No matter how you look at it, Ohm’s Law & Watts Law is important but not used on a day-to-day basis. • Tough to remember

22. Fundamentals • We don’t have to use Ohm’s or Watt’s Laws for most troubleshooting tasks but when you need them, nothing else will help. • You have to remember the basic concepts of the Laws. • btw – there is an app for that !

23. FundamentalsApplication of Ohm’s / Watt’s Law • 5000 watt @ 240 Volts heating element, what should the resistance be? • V2 / W = Ω thus 11.5 Ω • 120 Volts put across 10 Ohms of resistance, what should the amps be? • 120 V / 10 Ω = 12 Amps

24. Questions ?

25. Electrical Terms & Symbols

26. Ampere Breaker Buss Choke Circuit Conductor Cycle Diode Hertz Line-One Neutral Load Ohm Pole Relay Volts Watts Power Zero Ohms Infinite Resistance Voltage drop Puzzle Termsfind these terms in the puzzle

27. Electrical Symbols

28. Electrical Symbols

29. Electrical Symbols

30. Electrical Symbols

31. Electrical Symbols

32. Electrical Symbols There is only one thing about electrical symbols that will be constant from schematic to schematic, manuf. to manuf., and product model to product model; that is: In-consistency

33. SymbolsIdentify Components Place the numbers on the lines beside the symbols on the next page to make the proper match.

34. Electrical Symbols

35. 1. Compressor 2. Crossover 3. Ballast 4. Permanent Connection 5. Adjustable Buzzer 6. Incandescent Lamp 7. Fluorescent Lamp 8. Heat Rise Thermostat 9. Adjustable Thermostat 10. Chassis Grnd. 11. Transformer 12. Grounded Service Cord 13. SPST Switch 14. Centrifugal Switch 15. Plug Connector 16. Resistor or Heater 17. Fuse 18. Multi-Position Switch 19. Coil 20. Circuit Breaker 21. Heater 22. Capacitor 23. Pushbutton (SPDT) 24. Single-Speed Motor SymbolsIdentify Components

36. Circuit Fundamentals • Complete circuit • Most circuits are made up of four basic components: • Source – Supply – Potential - Voltage • Conductors – Wires • Load – Consumes voltage – power • Switch - Control • When tracing a circuit, start at the source and trace it back to the source • 240v or 120v or 24v or 12v

37. Circuit Fundamentals • Complete circuit

38. Circuit Fundamentals • Complete circuit – switches closed, bulb lit

39. Circuit Fundamentals • Complete circuit

40. Circuit Fundamentals • Complete circuit

41. Circuit Fundamentals • Series circuit – current has one path to flow – any break – circuit stops working

42. Circuit Fundamentals • Parallel circuit – current has more than one path – break in a branch – other branches still work

43. Circuit Fundamentals • Combination circuits – contains both series and parallel

44. Circuit Fundamentals • Common mistake made in troubleshooting is taking readings to ground. • You must be 100 % comfortable with circuits, voltages, before using this method • Many people are taught this method and they get burned by it

45. Questions ?

46. Electrical Components

47. Electrical Components • Switches / Controls • Not always in the HOT side of the circuit • Normally Closed / Normally Open • Drawn in their normal existence or as they “come out of the package”?

48. Electrical Components

49. Electrical Components • Timers • Box of switches • Troubleshoot one switch at a time • Sequence Charts, Esterline Charts

50. Electrical Components