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P.H. Crown and R. Elgr Spatial Information Systems laboratory Department of Renewable Resources

Baikal Archeological Project Environmental Context Module A Spatial Analyses – GIS Approach to Landscape Simulation. P.H. Crown and R. Elgr Spatial Information Systems laboratory Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta. Landscape Simulation.

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P.H. Crown and R. Elgr Spatial Information Systems laboratory Department of Renewable Resources

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  1. Baikal Archeological ProjectEnvironmental Context ModuleA Spatial Analyses – GIS Approach to Landscape Simulation P.H. Crown and R. Elgr Spatial Information Systems laboratory Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta

  2. Landscape Simulation To simulate current landscape characteristics (patterns of slope magnitude and aspect derived from topographic data). To model past landscape characteristics by combining current characteristics with other data (soils data, geologic data, vegetation data, radiation and climate models). To present a landscape visualization to place human activity into a physical setting.

  3. Sources of Information Map Data Published at Various Scales Topographic Maps (1:1,000,000 & 1:200,000) Soils Maps Vegetation Maps Collection of documents describing various features of the Lake Baikal area (physical landscape, faunal populations)

  4. Landscape Simulation Phase I – Base map and ancillary data Phase II – Digital Elevation Model Phase III – Derived data sets Phase IV – Query and Spatial Analyses

  5. Landscape Simulation Phase I • Scan maps to a digital form • Geo-reference all maps to common geographical coordinates • Merge individual maps for a complete area mosaic (correct errors in contours, hydrography, coordinates between maps)

  6. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) Phase II • Model the landscape surface using data extracted from topographic maps – an extremely labour intensive activity. • The more data used, the more accurate the DEM. • Data include digitized contour lines, elevation points, hydrography, lake boundaries. • Presentation as vertical and oblique views of the landscape.

  7. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) Model 1 Entire Lake Baikal Study Area Area bounded by: • 510 to 580 North Latitude • 1010 to 1110 East Longitude

  8. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) Model 2 3 Microregions • Irkutsk • Ol’Khon Island • Lena River

  9. Interpretation of Soils Data • Soils develop differing sets of characteristics in response to sets of environmental circumstances of climate, vegetation, geologic material, topography. • Forest soils vs. Grassland soils vs. others • “Read” the current set of soil characteristics to infer past environments.

  10. Human Activity Cemetery sites identified, plotted, and linked to a relational database. Habitation sites will be plotted with a link to a relational database Spatial analyses only possible if an accurate georeference map of the study area is available: • for accurate distance measurement between points. • for accurate area measurements.

  11. Landscape Simulation Phase III – Derived data sets • Calculate slope magnitude an aspect data for each cell in the DEM • Calculation of radiation onto the landscape (controlled by Earth’s axis of rotation, latitude, and slope characteristics)

  12. Landscape Simulation Phase III – Derived data sets • Landscape visualization as “fly by” through the landscape • Different research programs could define their own path to follow

  13. Some Next Steps • Mapping present land cover from satellite data • Mapping surficial geology for erosion potential • Mapping habitation sites • Contribute to the scaling of climate change data to the landscape • Developing other queries

  14. Example Questions and Queries Mobility • habitation sites proximity analyses to potential travel corridors, radiation balance, vegetation Annual Range • ease of travel, proximity analyses as above Diet • Change in vegetation structure, river flow directions or rates, sedimentation from erosion (wetter or drier climate) and decline of fish stocks/increase in seal stocks

  15. University of Alberta Spatial Information Systems Laboratory Department of Renewable Resources THE BAIKAL ARCHEOLOGICAL PROJECT Environmental Context Module Landscape Simulation METADATA for Geo-Referenced Maps August 2003 Rastislav Elgr, Rick T. Pelletier, Peter H. Crown

  16. University of Alberta Spatial Information Systems Laboratory Department of Renewable Resources THE BAIKAL ARCHEOLOGICAL PROJECT Environmental Context Module Landscape Simulation METADATA for Digital Elevation Models August 2003 Rastislav Elgr and Peter H. Crown

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