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Transport layer and Application Layer

Transport layer and Application Layer. Addressing and Protocols. Application Layer. DNS, FTP,TFTP, SNMP, HTTP. Port Address. SCTP, TCP, UDP. Transport Layer. Logical Address. ICMP, IGMP, ARP, RARP. Network Layer. Physical Address. Physical and Data Link Layers. Transport Layer.

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Transport layer and Application Layer

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  1. Transport layer and Application Layer

  2. Addressing and Protocols Application Layer DNS, FTP,TFTP, SNMP, HTTP Port Address SCTP, TCP, UDP Transport Layer Logical Address ICMP, IGMP, ARP, RARP Network Layer Physical Address Physical and Data Link Layers

  3. Transport Layer Application Layer DNS, FTP,TFTP, SNMP, HTTP Transport Layer Port Address SCTP, TCP, UDP Network Layer Logical Address ICMP, IGMP, ARP, RARP Physical and Data Link Layers Physical Address

  4. Transport Layer • Starts and stops the connection of the transmission. • At the transmitter, it is responsible for chopping the stream of data into transportable datagrams, numbering them and then sending them one by one. • At the receiver, it is responsible for waiting until all datagrams have arrived, checking for errors and then processing as a stream. • Provides connection mechanism between two or more running application programs. • Transmission control protocol (TCP) with flow control • User datagram protocol (UDP) with no flow control

  5. Transport Layer Domain of Transport Protocol

  6. IP address versus Port address

  7. Socket Address

  8. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) • Simple protocol and limited overhead as compared to IP packet. • No additional services added into the IP packet, apart from starting and stopping the connection. • Connectionless and “unreliable” transport protocol. • Independent datagram - not numbered • Suitable for simple request-response communication (Refer to the port number table for more info)

  9. UDP Port addresses

  10. TCP – Handling many connections The addition of connect instance id codes makes multiple simultaneous connections possible.

  11. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) • Connection-oriented protocol and reliable transport protocol. • Create a virtual connection between two application programs to send data. • Virtual connection – connected as in the transport layer

  12. TCP Ports

  13. Application Layer Application Layer DNS, FTP,TFTP, SNMP, HTTP Transport Layer Port Address SCTP, TCP, UDP Network Layer Logical Address ICMP, IGMP, ARP, RARP Physical and Data Link Layers Physical Address

  14. Domain Name System (DNS) • Each terminal in network has an unique IP address and a name (name space). • A name space maps IP address to a unique name in either flat or hierarchical method. • DNS is used for designing hierarchical name space • Example of hierarchical name space: www.staffs.ac.uk, www.fcet.staffs.ac.uk, gawains.staffs.ac.uk, blackboard.staffs.ac.uk • Maximum of 128 levels with maximum 63 characters in each node of the tree.

  15. DNS

  16. Domains

  17. Domain Name and Label

  18. DNS Server • Stores domain name space information within its domain/sub-domain.

  19. File Transfer Protocol • Standard protocol for copying a file from one host to another. • It standardises the data format and structure. • Uses two TCP connections • Port 21 for control connection • Port 20 for data connection • Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is used in simple and quickly copy file protocol that uses the UDP services.

  20. FTP

  21. FTP Mechanism

  22. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) • A framework for managing devices in network using TCP/IP protocol suite. • Manager – SNMP client program installed in the server • Agent – SNMP server program installed in the router or host • The SNMP client program can perform actions for monitoring and maintaining the performance of the network. • uses UDP services at port 161 and 162 for agent and manager respectively.

  23. Conclusion • We have discussed the major protocols in transport and application layers of TCP/IP protocol suite. • TCP and UDP are used for the connection mechanism between two or more running application programs. • The application layer components such as DNS, FTP, TFTP and SNMP are the major components for networking programming. • Other components discussed in the previous week were Javascript, ASP script and Applet.

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