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Chapter Nine: Tools for Promoting Good Health in Children

Chapter Nine: Tools for Promoting Good Health in Children. Health Policies. For appraisals, screening, and assessment Definitions Appraisals = regular process of evaluation Screening = to select or evaluate through a particular process

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Chapter Nine: Tools for Promoting Good Health in Children

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  1. Chapter Nine:Tools for Promoting Good Health in Children

  2. Health Policies For appraisals, screening, and assessment Definitions Appraisals = regular process of evaluation Screening = to select or evaluate through a particular process Assessment = in-depth appraisal to determine if a particular health or development condition exists

  3. Important for observing, recording, and evaluating health Early intervention to prevent problems and lessen impact

  4. Child caregiver is the primary health assessor Daily contact Communicates with parent Participant observer

  5. Policies needed for Record keeping Assessing a child’s health

  6. Recording Health Status of Children Observation = primary means of data collection Record keeping management tools Precise words Type of records Child care situation

  7. Precise Words Describe using adjectives that clearly explain what was observed Mary has a rash. (Not precise) Mary has a red, bumpy rash on her trunk and forearms that appears to be oozing. (Precise)

  8. Types of Records Anecdotal Running record Checklist Time sampling Event sampling

  9. Child Care Situation Child care center Family child care In-home/Nanny care

  10. Assessing a Child’s Health Status Daily quick health check General health appraisal Screening for growth and development norms Mental health appraisal Nutritional assessment

  11. Daily Quick Health Check Observe for Severe coughing, sneezing Activity level Discharge from nose, eyes, and ears Breathing difficulties Sores Look, Listen Swelling or bruising Feel, Smell Unusual spots or rashes General mood/unusual behavior Skin color

  12. General Health Appraisal Used when warning signs of illness or health observed Frequently recurring conditions Seek the parent’s permission to contact health consultant Child may be referred to physician

  13. Screening for Growth and Developmental Norms Weight and Height (failure to thrive) Motor development (gross and fine motor skills) Vision Hearing Speech and language Mental health (At-risk indicators) Nutritional intake and deficiencies

  14. Implications for Caregivers Observation • What • Cultural differences • Is child at risk? • Does child have special needs? • Is there recent event that may affect behavior?

  15. How Scientist = observe Garbage collector = sort out feelings from data Artist = use observation to take action and support the development and interests of child

  16. How also includes Look, listen, feel, and smell When Quick check = daily at beginning Ongoing Monthly, quarterly, yearly

  17. Education Share information with parents Caregiver has base of knowledge Use health consultant Referrals as necessary

  18. Cultural Competence Remember ESL may affect child’s norm Check for native language Any discussion should be sensitive Dietary patterns are different Seek knowledge of customs

  19. Supervision = carry out record keeping and assessments regularly Establish communication system

  20. Number One environmental threat 5% of all children have levels that can cause cognitive deficiencies African American and inner city children most likely to be affected One in 6 children under the age of 6 years had lead poisoning Inner cities - may be 1 of 2 children affected Reality Check:Effects of Lead Poisoning

  21. Effects Mild to severe affects to Nervous system, brain, growth Cognitive deficits = inability to concentrate or learn 6 times more likely to have reading disabilities

  22. Lead Poisoning knows no bounds 74% of houses built before 1980 have lead based paint Paint chips and dust are culprits Children put things in their mouths Play in dirt Window seals

  23. Absorbed into bloodstream Caregivers should Provide diet that is rich with iron and calcium Use frequent hand washing Wash toys, floors, fruits, and veggies

  24. 4.1 million children under six years live in poverty Almost 60% of single parent families with children live in poverty Largest growing segment of homeless = families with children (1 in 3) Reality Check:Poverty and Childhood

  25. Poverty Can Result in Poor health Decrease in blood iron levels—more dental, and vision problems, Increase in lead levels—more frequent, more severe and longer lasting infectious diseases, emergency medical treatment, emotional and behavioral problems, more likely exposure to drug/alcohol abuse Lack of safety Unsafe housing, unsafe neighborhoods, lead exposure

  26. Poor nutrition Basic needs may not be met, inadequate nutrition Effects of poor nutrition School performance Relationship of poor motor/mental development and anemia School nutrition program supplements = positive effects

  27. Also contributes to emotional and behavioral problems

  28. Caregivers can have a profound effect Provide safe environment that screens for nutritional and health problems Help families access resources Offer emotional stability

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