Elizabeth Starling Marcus Hohlmann Kimberley Walton, Aiwu Zhang

1. Readout Board Designfor Gas Electron Multiplier Detectorsfor Use in a Proposed Upgradeof the CMS Hadron Calorimeter Elizabeth Starling Marcus Hohlmann Kimberley Walton, Aiwu Zhang [March 7th, 2014]

2. Introduction Each layer of the CMS detector is designed to stop/measure a different kind of particle. The hadron calorimeter (HCAL) is one of these layers. • Hadrons enter HCAL • They interact with the brass absorber material and create showers • The energy of the shower, which we can measure, is proportional to the energy of the particle! Florida Academy of Sciences

3. The Problem However, HCAL has its limits. Can: measure the scintillation energy of the particles, Cannot: measure their position or movement within the detector. If we want more data, we need to upgrade the calorimeter such that it can see particle flow as well as energies – from a hadron calorimeter (HCAL) to a particle flow calorimeter (PFCAL). Florida Academy of Sciences

4. The Solution! Unlike HCAL’s current design, GEM detectors can easily detect the location of particle hits – we’ve used this fact to our advantage for our muon tomography station. We need to design a readout board that will be capable of accurately measuring the location of each particle hit on the GEM detector. The solution: a segmented pad readout board! Florida Academy of Sciences

5. Design – Basics Hadron showers are large! They can be several centimeters across, so the pads can be wider than the strips from previous readout boards! Detectors will be “sandwiched” in-between brass absorber plates – these plates cause the showers that the GEM detectors can then pick up. Florida Academy of Sciences

6. Design – Square Pads 10 cm x 10 cm active area 11 rows of 11 square pads: 121 total. Each pad is: 8.975 mm x 8.975 mm Florida Academy of Sciences

7. Design – Square Pads All read-out components are routed to a single APV: • 2 ground connections (top left, bottom right) • 121 pad connections • 5 auxiliary connectors – to allow for easier “plug-and-play” access when testing the boards Panasonic footprint Florida Academy of Sciences

8. Design – Square Pads All pads are routed underneath each other on a mid-layer. Does cross-talk make a measureable difference? To find out, we routed three rows all the way across! Florida Academy of Sciences

9. Design – Chevrons 10 cm x 10 cm active area “Zig-zag”-style chevrons! Chevron pads give us different information than the square pads, and improves upon the shower descriptions. Because of the different horizontal segmentation, the charge sharing between adjacent pads can tell us more about the particles and their positions! Florida Academy of Sciences

10. Design – Chevrons In order to maintain the square shape of the active area and keep to a single Panasonic connector, we used three types of pads: • 110 full-chevron pads – formed by cutting the square pads diagonally in half and flipping one half. • 12 half-chevron pads to “fill in” the main square! • 5 merged half-chevron pads, to fit to a single APV Florida Academy of Sciences

11. What’s Next • Have the boards produced by outside industry • Test the boards: • Do they accomplish our goals? • What differences do we see between the square and chevron pads? • Make a square “pixel” style board, with 9 square pixels for every 1 square pad. • Is this possible at the 10x10 scale? Routing? Florida Academy of Sciences

12. What’s Next 121 square pads 1,089 square pixels Florida Academy of Sciences

13. References Image on slides #2, 5: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Muon_Solenoid Florida Academy of Sciences