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Drugs Targeting the CNS

Drugs Targeting the CNS. Parkinson Epilepsy Hypnotics General Anesthetics Anxiolytics Antidepressants. Diabetes mellitus. Pancreas : Islets of Langerhans: site of hormone production A (alpha) cells – produce Glucagon B (beta) cells – produce Insulin

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Drugs Targeting the CNS

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  1. Drugs Targeting the CNS • Parkinson • Epilepsy • Hypnotics • General Anesthetics • Anxiolytics • Antidepressants

  2. Diabetes mellitus Pancreas: • Islets of Langerhans: site of hormone production • A (alpha) cells – produce Glucagon • B (beta) cells – produce Insulin • D (delta) cells – produce Somatostatin Insulin and Glucagon are the major regulators of blood glucose

  3. metronidazole • Protozoal infections • Anaerobic organisms • C. difficile Patient should not have alcohol

  4. Antifungal • Amphotericin B – drug for systemic fungal infections • Given IV – for very serious infections • Causing leakage of intracellular cations in fungal cells • Must be given for several months

  5. Adverse effects • Infusion reactions – pretreat – locally change IV sites • Nephrotoxicity – almost all patients will have some degree • Lipid-based formulas cause less nephrotoxicty (much more expensive) • May be given with flucytosine – can reduce dose of Ampho – decrease side effects

  6. Acyclovir • Infections caused by herpes simplex viruses and varicella zoster virus • Suppresses synthesis of viral DNA – inhibits viral replication

  7. Therapeutic use • Genital herpes – topical and oral for recurrent • Mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections – face and oropharynx • Varicella-zoster – shingles and chickenpox

  8. Adverse effects • Typically well-tolerated • Oral – GI, rash dizziness • IV – phlebitis, inflammation, reversible nephrotoxicity

  9. END Return to Course Site

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