Chapter 3 Vocabulary

1. Chapter 3 Vocabulary PowerPoint created by Anne Yeaw Comments by Marcie  -- when there are multiple definitions, blue definitions match context in chapter. Green definitions are also good to know .

2. access (n) • Students must have a password to get ______ to the computers on campus. • Definition: 1. a way of entering a place; 2. the opportunity or right to use something or see someone/something

3. capacity (n) • Mike McGinn is a bike rider and, in his _______ as mayor of Seattle, has created bike lanes throughout the city. • Definition: 1. the number of things or people that a container or space will hold; 2. the ability to understand or do something; 3. the official position or function that someone has.

4. character (n) • The book gives us an insight into Mrs. Obama’s _________. • Definition: 1. all the qualities or features that make a person, place or group of people different from others; 2. admirable personal qualities; 3. an interesting or unusual quality about a person or place; 4. an interesting or unusual person. (not our chapter)

5. collateral (n) • When you take out a mortgage to buy real estate, that land or building is always used as __________ for the loan. • Definition: 1. property or something valuable that you promise to give to someone if you cannot pay back money you have borrowed from them.

6. common knowledge (n) • It is _______ __________ that the name of our school is being changed. • Definition: 1.something that everyone knows.

7. consumers (n) • Health-conscious _________ want more information about the food they buy. • Definition: 1. a person who buys goods or services.

8. economy (n) • When a country’s _______ is growing, factories are producing more goods, and people are buying them. • Definition: 1. the relationship between production, trade and the supply of money; 2. the use of time or money in a way that avoids waste.

9. eradication (n) • The ___________ of several diseases is nearly complete due to the development of vaccines and the efforts of organizations concerned with world health. • Definition: 1. the complete destruction or removal of something; especially something bad.

10. funds (n) • The hospital is trying to raise _____ for new equipment. • Definition: 1. an amount of money that has been saved for a particular purpose; 2. money.

11. grant (n) • He has been awarded a research _____. • Definition: 1. an amount of money that is given by the government or some other organization to be used for a particular purpose.

12. item (n) • Can I pay for each ____ separately? • Definition: 1. one thing on a list of things to do, to buy or to talk about (not used as a list item in our chapter; 2. one article or object.

13. Literacy (n) • ________ is extremely important in a democratic society since people must be able to read and write in order to vote. • Definition: 1. the ability to read and write.

14. logic (n) • Sometimes a student can use context to fill in a missing word, and other times he must use _________________. • Definition: 1. a science that uses formal methods for thinking about or explaining something; 2.sensible reasons for doing something; 3. a way of thinking or explaining something.

15. Microlending (n) • ____________ allows people in poor countries to borrow a small amount of money to buy a tool that will help them to earn a living. • Definition: 1. the act of lending very small amounts of money.

16. poverty (n) • Elderly people who do not have families to help them may live in _______. • Definition: 1. the state of being poor; 2. a lack of something.

17. requirement (n) • The successful completion of Grammar/Writing 3 is a ___________ for taking Grammar/Writing 4. • Definition: 1. something that you need or want; 2. something that you must have to do something else.

18. consume (v) • Automobiles _________ large amounts of fossil fuel. • Definition: 1. to use something especially fuel, energy or time; 2. to eat or drink something; 3. to be filled with a strong feeling.

19. invest (v) • The college is going to ______ $4 million in a new library. • Definition: 1. to buy something (e.g. property) with the intention of making a profit; 2. to spend money to make something better or more successful; 3. to spend time, money or effort on something you think is good or useful.

20. target (v) • Advertisers _________ consumers when they create commercials. • Definition: 1. to aim an attack or criticism at somebody or something; 2. to try to have an effect on a particular group of people.

21. anonymous (adj) • Someone made a very large donation to our organization, but we can’t thank him or her because the person has chosen to remain __________. • Definition: 1. written, given, made by someone who does not want their name to be known.

22. identical (adj) • Twins do not always look _________. • Definition: 1. the same.

23. social (adj) • ________ problems include poverty and homelessness. • Definition: 1. connected with society and the way it is organized or with your position in society; 2. connected with activities in which people get together for fun.

24. subsidiary (adj & n) • Gmail is one _________ of Google. Google is the large company, and Gmail is one of its branches. Chrome is another _________branch of Google. • Definition: 1.(adj) connected with a larger entity, usually a business that is owned by another business. 2. (adj) secondary 3. (N) a business that is owned by a larger business.

25. worthless (adj) • He’s a great guy but, when it comes to doing the laundry, he’s _________. He can never remember to separate whites from colors. • Definition: 1. something of no practical or financial value; 2. having no good qualities or useful skills.

26. Peer pressure • ____ ________ has a negative connotation, so it is usually used to describe the attempt by friends to convince you to do something that is not in your best interest. • Definition: 1. attempts by your friends (peers) to force or convince (pressure) you to do something .

27. take the initiative • I was so proud of my son when he ____ ___ ________ and submitted college applications on his own. • Definition: 1. deciding and acting on your own without waiting for someone to tell you what to do .