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The Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials By Brian L. Burke, Hal Arkowitz, and Marisha Menchola. Presented by Jane Canavan Radford University. Purpose.
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The Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical TrialsBy Brian L. Burke, Hal Arkowitz, and Marisha Menchola Presented by Jane Canavan Radford University
Purpose • To determine if motivational interviewing is an effective form of treatment for problem behaviors involving alcohol, drugs, smoking, HIV-risk-behaviors, and diet/exercise.
Definition of Motivational Interviewing • A directive, client-centered counseling style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients explore and resolve problem behaviors. • Motivation to change is elicited from the client, and not imposed by coercion, persuasion, or constructive confrontation from the counselor • The counselor’s job is to identify and examine the intrinsic values and goals of the client in order to stimulate behavior change (reason it is considered directive)
Issues to Consider • Type of problem area • Some problem behaviors involve a physiological addiction (drug and alcohol addiction) while others do not (diet and exercise) • Format of the MI • Alone • Along with other services • Study design • No treatment/placebo • Active treatment
Literature Review • Methods • Article Bibliographies • Electronic Source • PsycINFO • Electronic Message • To all members of the Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers asking for any published or unpublished studies • Studies • 30 were used
Inclusion Criteria • The intervention was delivered on an individual (not group) and face-to-face (not telephone) basis • Studies had to include the following criteria: • Random assignment to groups • At least one comparison group • Adequate measurement targeting pertinent problem areas
Dependent Measures • Alcohol • Smoking cessation • Drug Addiction • HIV-risk behaviors • Diet & exercise • Social impact
Potential Moderators • Clinical problem area • Severity of drug or alcohol problem • Format of the motivational interview- stand-alone intervention or adjunct to other services • Dose of treatment- minutes per session/ # of sessions • Follow- up point
Factors that may Account for Differences in Effect Sizes • Drug Addiction • Higher dose of treatment • Diet and exercise • High dose of treatment • Low quality studies
Conclusion • Motivational interviews were equivalent to other active treatments and are more effective than placebo and no treatment controls for problems involving alcohol, drugs, and diet and exercise. • There was no support for the efficacy of MI’s in the areas of smoking and HIV-risk behaviors.