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Remaining Neutral in a School Fight: Advantages and Disadvantages

Explore the advantages and disadvantages of remaining neutral in a school fight and the potential consequences of getting involved. Consider how to decide which side to join.

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Remaining Neutral in a School Fight: Advantages and Disadvantages

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  1. 60 OTB: One day after school, you see two groups of schoolmates involved in a fight. Both sides yell to you to join in and help their side. 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of remaining neutral and staying out of the fight? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of getting involved? 3. If you do get involved, how do you decide which group to join? HW: 1. Read text pages 720-721. 2. LTs 1-5

  2. World War I *Europe on the Brink of War -3 Sources of Tension 1. nationalism & imperialism -strong sense of pride & loyalty to nation or culture -colonization (Africa, Asia & Americas) -ethnic minorities wanting a voice 2. militarism -glorification of military strength & ideals of war

  3. 3. alliances -web of alliances to deter acts of aggression -Austro-Hungarian Empire + Germany + Italy = Triple Alliance -France + Great Britain + Russia = Triple Entente Nationalism + Imperialism +Militarism + Alliances =

  4. -U.S. Neutrality -tradition since G. Washington -President Woodrow Wilson kept U.S. out of war -more worried about Western Hemisphere

  5. *WWI (The Great War) Begins -Archduke Francis Ferdinand & his wife, Archduchess Sofia -heirs to Austro-Hungarian empire -assassinated on June 28, 1914 -assassin = Serbian nationalist -Austria-Hungary (with Germany) declared war on Serbia (with Russia) on July 28, 1914 -Because of alliances = all Europe @ war within one week -Central Powers = Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire (Turkey) -Allies = Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain -U.S. declared neutrality

  6. 62 OTB: Why do you think Nationalism + Imperialism + Militarism + Alliances = WWI? (LT #5) HW- 1. Read pages 722-724 2. LTs 6, 9, 10 & 11

  7. *Bloody Stalemate in Europe -2 Fronts (Eastern-Russia, Western-France) -Germany close to Paris + wins in Russia made victory appear close -France pushed Germans back along Western Front -enormous casualties on both sides -each side dug in along Western Front -Modern weapons: -machine guns (400-600 bullets per minute) -mechanized cannons -artillery guns -tanks -poison gas -airplanes

  8. -Trench Warfare -475 miles of trenches -Switzerland to North Sea -protected troops from new weapons -long artillery bombardments -charges by infantrymen toward enemy lines -room in between trenches = “no man’s land” -water collected in trenches -muddy -cold -disease (trench foot-rotted skin- amputation) -rats & flies -bodies of dead soldiers

  9. -America remained Neutral -American Red Cross & Ambulance Corps sent volunteers -Americans volunteered for French Foreign Legion (volunteer military service) -U.S. continued to trade with both Central Powers & Allies -U.S. allowed British blockade of German ports -U.S. supplied Allies w/food, weapons, etc. -U.S. banks gave $2 billion in bonds to Allies -Central Powers noticed!!!

  10. 64 OTB: Share LTs #1-11 with neighbor HW- 1. AfL #1 Friday Study LTs 1-11 2. Read pages 725-726 3. Work on LT #12 WWI Intro Movie

  11. *German U-Boats Violate International Law -Great Britain = powerful Navy -Germany = submarines (U-boats) -unrestricted submarine warfare, 1915 -attacked supply ships to Great Britain -against international law -February-May, 90 ships sunk -Lusitania -British passenger ship -sailed from NYC to England -hit by U-boat torpedo -sank in less than 18 minutes -1,200 of 2,000 died (128 Americans)

  12. -Americans were outraged! -Germany apologized (didn’t want U.S. to join Allies) -Wilson continued neutrality -3 Americans killed in 1916 on French ship -Wilson reelected in 1916 -American opinion changed—more wanted war

  13. *U.S. Entry in the War -intercepted German telegraph “Zimmerman Note” -submarine warfare would resume -Mexico should join Germany -Germany would help Mexico reconquer NM, TX, AZ -3 U.S. ships sunk on March 16 -U.S. declares war on Germany—April 6, 1917 -Not all Americans wanted war -Quakers -women -Socialists -blamed big business & economy

  14. 66 OTB: What 2 things pushed the U.S. into the Great War? HW- 1. Read pages 727-729 2. LT #13

  15. “Over There”

  16. *U.S. Mobilization -had to prepare for war 1. Selective Service Act, 1917 -drafted 3 million U.S. troops -(2 million more volunteered) 2. Industry & agriculture production increased -fuel -ships -weapons -food 3. Propaganda Campaign -Committee on Public Information (CPI) -to unite public opinion for the war

  17. -New Laws -Espionage Act of 1917 & Sedition Act of 1918 -limited free speech -harsh punishments for spies & those anti- war -those who refused to fight were jailed, fined, tortured -rejection of anything German -”liberty cabbage” instead of sauerkraut -German-Americans discriminated against -lost jobs -placed in prison camps -publicly beaten

  18. -U.S. Troops -filled with idealism & excitement -added 2 million troops to Allies -400,000 African Americans-segregated -not well-trained -inexperienced -American Expeditionary Force (AEF) helped push Germans back from Western Front -led by General John J. Pershing -U.S. Navy assisted British in defeating U- boats

  19. -Kansas during WWI -increased demand for wheat production -wheat prices increased -”Win the War with Wheat!” -food was rationed -”meatless Tuesdays” -”wheatless Wednesdays” -coal shortage -war bonds were sold—Liberty Bonds -women joined Red Cross -80,000 men joined armed forces (2,500 died) -may have started the Flu Epidemic of 1918?

  20. -Women during the War -shortage of labor -1 million went to work in U.S. -25,000 volunteered as nurses, telephone operators, interpreters -Union membership increased -labor = scarce, workers could demand better wages & conditions -established minimum wage -fair pay for women

  21. -November 1917—Russia out of war -Bolsheviks (communists) overthrew Russian government -communist = government who favors the equal distribution of wealth & the end of all forms of private property -led by Vladimir Lenin -Germany could now focus on Western Front

  22. -Major Battles -June 1918—Chateau-Thierry -held Allied ground against German offensive -September 1918—Meuse-Argonne -1 million U.S. troops battled Germans -200 mile front -7-week battle -Germans were pushed out of France -Central Powers began to surrender -November 9—Germans overthrew Kaiser government -republic was formed

  23. *End of World War I -November 11, 11:00 am (11/11) -German leaders signed armistice (peace agreement) -10 million soldiers killed -20 million wounded -10 million civilian deaths (estimate) -U.S. – 300,000 casualties (110,000 deaths) -much of Europe (esp. France) was destroyed -food shortages -high debts (over $200 billion spent on war)

  24. *Flu Epidemic -1918 worldwide flu outbreak -killed approximately 30 million people (more than WWI) -killed 800,000 Americans

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