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M i n o r a il m e n t s

M i n o r a il m e n t s. SHYCIL. Learning objectives. At the end of the class students will be able to : State the meaning of minor ailments discuss the principles Of Managing Minor Ailments list the clas s if i c a tion O f Min o r Ailm en t s

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M i n o r a il m e n t s

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  1. Minorailments SHYCIL

  2. Learning objectives • At the end of the class students will be able to : • State the meaning of minor ailments • discuss the principlesOfManagingMinorAilments • list the classificationOfMinorAilments • Explain the managementOfMinorAilments • define standingorders, Objectives And Uses • Enumerate the TypesOfStandingOrders • Explain the StandingOrdersForTreatmentOfMinorAilments and RoleofCHN

  3. INTRODUCTION • Communityhealthnurseisresponsibletoprovideprimaryhealthcareinthecommunity • Treatmentofminorailmentsandemergenciesisanimportantcomponentofcommunityhealthnursing

  4. Conti… • Nurseshouldbeabletoidentifythesignsandsymptomsofapatientandtreatthemaccordingtothestandingorders • Minorailmentsindicateslightillnessesand • emergenciesofsmallernature.

  5. PRINCIPLESOFMANAGINGMINORAILMENTS ENSURESAFEANDHEALTHFULENVIRONMENTTOTHEPATIENT TREATTHERISK/INJUREDPERSONPROMPTLYTOPREVENTANYPOSSIBLECOMPLICATION INCASEOFINFECTIOUSDISEASE,TAKEAPPROPRIATEPRECAUTIONSTOPREVENTTHESPREADOFINFECTION KEEPCONTINOUSWATCHOVERTHEPATIENTSANDVITALSIGNSDURINGTHEPERIODOFCARE HELPTHEPATIENTTOGETWELLSOONASPOSSIBLEANDINHISADL

  6. USETHEOPPORTUNITIESOFHEALTH EDUCATIONDURINGTHECARE ALWAYSREMEMBERTHELIMITATIONSINPROVIDINGTHETREATMENTORFOLLOWTHEPHYSICIANSINSTRUCTIONS HELPTHEFAMILYMEMEBERSINCOPINGWITHTHESITUATIONANDPREPARETHEMFORTAKINGCAREOFPATIENTSATHOME RESPECTTHEBELIEFSOFPATIENT INCASEOFSERIOUSCONDITIONSREFERTHEPATIENTWITHOUTANYDELAY

  7. CLASSIFICATIONOFMINORAILMENTS • Minorailmentscanbeclassifiedintotwo • 1.GENERALMINORAILMENTS:-itincludecommonaccidentsandemergencieswhichneedimmediatefirstaid • Inthiscategory– injuriesandfalls,dogbite,burns • ,highfever,heatstroke,diarrhea,faintingetc

  8. Systemicminorailments • EYE • EYEACCIDENTS • FOREIGNBODIES • INFECTIONS • POOREYESIGHT • DRYEYES • NIGHTBLINDNESS • EARACHGE • FOREIGNBODY • OTTITSMEDIA • DISCHARGE • DEAFNESS • EAR

  9. RESPIRATORYTRACT • ALLERGICRHINITIS • COMMONCOLD • SINUSITIS • SORETHROAT • COUGH • DYSPONEA • CHESTPAIN • ASTHMA • HYPERTENSION • ANEMIA • RHD • CVS

  10. DIGESTIVESYSTEM • TOOTHACHE • STOMATITIS • SORENESSINMOUTH • CONSTIPATION • DIARRHOEA • INDIGESTION • VOMITING • ABDOMINALPAIN • INTESTINALOBSTRUCTION • HAEMORRHOIDS

  11. URINARYSYSTEM • BURNINGMICTURATION • RETENTIONOFURINE • URINARYINFECTION • RENALSTONES • HEADACHE • BACKACHE • CONVULSIONS • EPILEPTICFITS • DYSMENORRHOEA • HEAVYBLEEDING • SORESANDDISCHARGES • BREASTLUMP • NEUROMUSCULARSYSTEM • REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM

  12. MANAGEMENTOFMINORAILMENTS • ASSESSMENT– Takinghistory • -Performingquickphysicalexamination • FINDINGTHECAUSE,MAKINGTHEDIAGNOSISANDPLANNINGFORCARE • PROVIDINGTREATMENTANDNURSINGCARE • EVALUATINGTHECAREANDCONDITIONOFTHEPATIENT– Iftheoutcomeissuccessful,planforfollowup • -Ifconditiondoesnotimproveorserioussigns– refer • tohospital

  13. Stimulation activities

  14. STANDINGORDERS • Standingordersaredirectionsandordersofspecificnature.Onthebasicsoftheseonthenonavailabilityofdoctorsnurses/healthworkerscanprovidetreatmentathomehospitalsorhealthinstitutionsandcommunity • Shouldbefollowedintemporarybasics/orinemergencysituation

  15. OBJECTIVES • Tomaintainthecontinuityoftreatmentofthepatient • Toprotectthelifeofthepatient/toresuscitatehim • Tocreatethefeelingofresponsibilityinthemembersofhealthteam

  16. USES • Providingtreatmentduringemergency • Enhancingthequalityandactivityofthehealthservices • Strengtheningofprimaryhealthservicesinthecommunity • Decentralizationofhealthresponsibilities • Developingthefeelingofconfidenceand • responsibilityinnursingandotherhealthworker • Protectingthegeneralpublicfromquacks

  17. TYPESOFSTANDINGDORDERS • Theauthorizeddoctorandtheregisteredcommunityhealthnursejointlyreleasesstandingorders • Institutional General Specific

  18. INSTITUTIONALSTANDINGORDERS • Standingorderpreparedwithaviewoftheavailableresources,staffpositionandobjectivityofhospital • Differencewillbethereb/wgovernmentandprivatehospitals

  19. SPECIFICSTANDINGORDERS • Preparedforthetrainedmedicalpersonnel • Technicalknowledgeandspecialskillsarerequired • Theseordersshouldcompensatetheneedofadoctor • SuchordersenhancethequalityofCHN

  20. Generalstandingorders • CommonmanisexpectedtofollowsomeSO • Eg–incaseofdiarrhoea–ORSPACKET

  21. STANDINGORDERSFORTREATMENTOFMINORAILMENTS– FEVER • Examinethevitalsigns • Gatherinformationaboutothersymptomsaccompanyingthefever– headache,nausea,vomiting,shiveringcoldrunningnose,allergy,skininfection,jaundice,fits,cough • Providerestandlightmealtothepatient

  22. Conti…. • Preparebloodslidetoexaminemalariaparasite • Giveparacetamoltab • Givelotsofliquidstothepatient • Ifthefeverismorethan102degF– tepidsponge

  23. Contd…. • Monitorthepatternoffeverandwaitfortwodays • Ifthefeverisaccompanyingwithrashes-isolatethepatient • Incaseofdelirium,convulsions,unconsciousnessandhyperpyrexiaaccompanyingthefeverreferthepatienttothehospital

  24. HEATSTROKE • Personsufferingshouldbekeptinshadeandinawellventilatedplace • Notethevitals • Removeallclothesfromthepersonandwrapinawetsheet • Ifthepatientisconsciousgivehimcoldwatermixedsaltandothercolddrinks • Keepcontinuousobservationovertemp • Assoonasrefertohospital

  25. DIARRHOEA– GISYSTEM • Monitorthesymptomsofdehydration • Ifthedehydrationissevereorthepatientisinthe • stateofshock– referhimtohospital • ProvideORStothepatient • Ricewater,coconutwater,lemonjuice,lighttea,bananashouldbegiventothepatient • Ifthereisepidemicofdiarrheasampleshouldbesendforstooltest • Ifcholeraisprevalentimmunizationshouldbetaken

  26. Contd…. • Foodandwatershouldbeprotected • Notificationshouldbedone • Peopleshouldbeeducatedaboutthecontrolofflies

  27. BURNS-SKIN • Trytokeeptheburnedbodypartimmersedinwater • Checkthespreadofburns • Iftheclothhasstucktowound– DONOTTRYTOREMOVEIT • Rings,bangles,shoes,beltsandothertightfittingarticlestoberemoved • Donottouchblistersunnecessarily • Assessthepercentageofburns • Giveprimarytreatmentofshockifneeded

  28. Contd…. • GiveORSifpatientisconsciousandnotvomiting • Provideanalgesicsifrequired • Referpatienttofurthertreatment

  29. DROWNING-RS • Loosentheclothesfromchest • Makethepersonlieonhisabdomenandgetthewateroutoflungs • Resuscitatethepatientimmediatelyandsendhimtothehealthcarecentre/hospital

  30. BITES-DOGBITE • Thoroughlywashthewoundwithsoapandwater • Userunningwater • ApplyBetadineortinctureiodine • Ifthewoundisexcessive–checkhemorrhage • Stitchesshouldbedoneonlyafter24hours • GiveinjectionTT • Donotkillthedogandobservefor10days • SendthepatientforARVtherapy

  31. SNAKEBITE • Makethepersonliedown • Donnotallowtomove • Findoutthekindofsnake • Tietourniquetabovethebiteandcontinuetolooseniteveryhalfanhour • Makeacutof1cmlengthand½cmdeepattheplaceofbiteandtrytoabsorbpoisonfromthesite(thereshouldnotbeanywoundinthemouthofthepersonsucking)

  32. CONTD… • Cleantheplacewithsaltsolution/waterorice • Consolethepersonandsendtohospital

  33. SCORPIONBITE • Removethestingandputiceonit,afterthoroughlycleaningtheplace • Applytourniquetabovetheplaceofbiteandremoveitafterhalfandhour • Giveanalgesictabletsandalsothesweetenedmilkto • drink • Ifpatientisinshock– sendtohospital

  34. FAINTING-CNS • Liedowntheperson.hisheadshouldbeataslightlowerlevelthanfeet • Ifthepersonissitting,keeptheheadbendedb/w • boththelegs • Personshouldgetfreshair • Oncethepersongainconsciousnessaskhimtotake • deepbreathandgivehimliquidstodrink • Ifunconsciousnesscontinuerefertohospital

  35. INJURIESANDFRACTURES–SKELTAL • Cleanthewoundwithsoapandwater • Applythespiritaroundtheplaceofwound • ApplyBetadinesolutionandbandagethewoundwithsterilesolution • Monitortheconditionofthepatient • Treatthepatientforshock • Immobilizethefracturedarea • GiveanalgesicandTT

  36. WOUND-SKIN • Washthewoundwithcleanboiledwaterandantisepticsolution • Applyspiritaroundthewound • Removetheforeignbodiespresentinthewound • BandagethewoundusingBetadine • GiveinjectionTT • Incasethewoundislargeandneedsuture,or • causedbybulletorweaponrefertohospital

  37. StandingordersforMCHCARE • Givetabletstocheckvomitingandnauseainearlystagesofpregnancy • Incaseoftoxemiaofpregnancy,adviceherrestrictedsaltdietandcompleterest • Sendtohospitalifthereisedema/APH/ • PPH • Ifthemotherdevelopfeverafterdeliverytrytoascertainthecause • Keepnewborninproperwarmth • Initiatebreastfeeding

  38. Convulsionsinchildren • Liedownthechildsafelyonabed • Loosentheclothesfromthechestandletthefreshaircome • Cleanthesecretionsfromhismouthandlettherespiratorytractfunctionproperly • Incaseoffevergivecoldsponge • Evaluatethecause

  39. HEMORRHAGE • Liedownthepersononback • TakeBP • Pressapadonthesiteofbleeding • Givehimliquids • Trytofindoutthecauseof • bleeding

  40. Conti… • Monitorthestateofshockandincaseofbleedingorconditionofshockgettingoutofcontrolsendthepatientforfurthertreatment

  41. Unconsciousness • Liedownthepersoninawellventilatedarea • Removedentures • Cleanthesecretionsfrommouth • Loosentheclothesfromneck,chestandwaist • Provideartificialrespirationin • caseofblockedbreathing • Trytofindoutthereason

  42. SORETHROAT-RS • Recordvitals • Inspectforwhitepatches–ifyesitss/sofdiphtheria • –needhospitalization • Takethroatswab • Ifpharyngities–salinegargle • Giveaspirintablets • Advicehoneysyrupwithlemonjuiceandhotwater • Ifhistoryofrecurrentillnessneedsurgery

  43. Cough-RS • Findouttheduration,type,colorandconsistencyofsputum,weightlossetc • IfTBissuspectedrefertohospitalforinvestigation • Adviserest • Giveaspirintablets • Givesteaminhalations

  44. INFLAMMEDEYES/EYEDISCHARGE • Batheeyeswithwaterandcleanwithcottonswab • Applysulphacetamideeyedrops • Demonstratecleaningand • applicationofeyeointment

  45. Conti… • Coverwithsterileeyepadandbandage • Referifvisiondiminishes • Infectionthatisnot • respondingtotreatmentor • Wounds/injuries

  46. EARACHEANDDISCHARGE • Cleantheears • Applysulphacetamideeardrops • Giveanalgesics,ifnotcomingdownrefer • Ifdischargeispresentcleanwithboricacidandapplyeardrops • Ifs/snotsubsidingrefer

  47. TOOTHACHE-GI • Iftoothachewithoutfevergivepotassiumpermanganatesolutionmouthwashtds • Ifwithfeveraspirin5gmsforchildrenand10gmsforadults

  48. Conti… • Advisedentalcare • Encourgetoeatamala,orange,lemon,guava,,sproutedgram,tomatoes,raggiandbajra • Askpatienttochewaclove • withaffectedteeth

  49. CONSTIPATION–GI • Advisemorefluids.Leafyvegetables • Discouragelaxativesandpurgatives

  50. ANEMIA–BLOODDISORDER • Encouragetoeatragi,GLV • Advisedryfruits • Adviseoralironsupplements • Getthestoolexaminedforhookworms

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