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Central Pollution Control Board

“Elimination of Escherichia Coli and other Coliform Bacteria through Bacteriophages and Antagonists Bacteria from River Ganga and Tributaries” . Central Pollution Control Board. Sewage, Cause of Coli in Ganga. 29 cities, 70 towns and many villages:

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Central Pollution Control Board

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  1. “Elimination of Escherichia Coli and other Coliform Bacteria through Bacteriophages and Antagonists Bacteria from River Ganga and Tributaries” Central Pollution Control Board

  2. Sewage, Cause of Coli in Ganga • 29 cities, 70 towns and many villages: • Sewage disposal-a major cause of fecal coliform • Disposal of 3000 MLD sewage and having 1000 MLD treatment capacity only.

  3. Ganga and Fecal Coliforms • Exceedance of Fecal coliform in Gaga • Fecal coliform the cause of concern. • Fecal coliform converts water unfit for Bathing and for other designated best uses.

  4. Primary Water Quality Criteria for Bathing Water

  5. Removal of Fecal Coliform (Methods)

  6. Removal of Fecal Coliform • Sewage Treatment Plants(STPs) are Primarily designed for removal of BOD and SS but; • Not designed specifically to treat fecal coliform. • Bactericidal actions like chlorination, UV radiation, Ozonation and other oxidants are employed. [Irradiation generates Mutants of un-known attributes]

  7. Biological Methods for Fecal Coliform Removal • Antagonists Bacteria • Bacteriophage and their synergy

  8. Microbial In-situ Bio-remediation The consortia acts on three mode; Competitive: Certain microbes grow and multiply at a faster rate and create competition for food. Dominant forms survive and others become recessive/ dormant. Inhibitive : Some forms secretes extra-cellular enzyme becoming lethal to other form of bacteria and act as antagonists. Symbiotic : In a symbiotic actions, Bacterial forms grow together on a common food plank (substrate) helping each other to grow but restrict growth of other forms due to law of limiting factor.

  9. Life Cycle of Bacteriophage Lytic cycle: a) Phage Adsorption on Host Cell. b) Genetic Material Penetration of Phage. c) Phage Multiplication. d) Complete assemblage of Phages.

  10. Lysogenic cycle: The genetic material of Phage remains within the host cells and reproduce in synchrony with the host for long-period. Lysogenic and Lytic cycle

  11. Isolation of Bacteriophage Samples with Enrichment broth Incubation Shaking and Centrifugation Chloroform Precipitation, Centrifugation and Filtration Mass Production

  12. Mass Culture- Bacteriophage Suspension

  13. Dose Specification • The concentration of targeted bacteria Vs the concentration of phages. • The phages will be introduced into the STP/ drain either batch wise or in continuous flow and testing to determine reduction of targeted bacteria.

  14. Application of Bacteriophages Application of Mass culture with pre-determined doses for removal of E.coli and other fecal coliform; • Sewage Treatment Plants established under GAP • Sewage drains joining river Ganga

  15. Action Plan and Execution Phage treatment demonstration; Installed STPs and Drains carrying sewage joining river Ganga in; Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. Duration of Project : 18 months Mass Culture (BP) and experimentation on :

  16. Activities/ Items under Funding

  17. Experiment/ Demo Schedule

  18. Break up of Activities for Funding

  19. Contd… Break up of Activities for Funding

  20. Phage-therapy will be promising for us THANKS

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