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The middleware

The middleware. Based on material by Sergio Andreozzi INFN-CNAF. OMII-Europe All-Hands Meeting Bologna, 12-13 February 2007. Disclaimer.

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The middleware

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  1. The middleware Based on material by Sergio Andreozzi INFN-CNAF OMII-Europe All-Hands Meeting Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  2. Disclaimer • This presentation is based on materials provided and authorized by the EGEE project and is freely available to download and use according to the terms of the following license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  3. OUTLINE • The EGEE Project • Objective • Relationship to other projects • The gLite middleware • Middleware decomposition • Foundation • High-level services gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  4. Part I The EGEE Project gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  5. The EGEE project • EGEE • 1 April 2004 – 31 March 2006 • 71 partners in 27 countries, federated in regional Grids • EGEE-II • 1 April 2006 – 31 March 2008 • 91 partners in 32 countries • 13 Federations • EGEE-III • 1 April 2008 – 31 March 2010 • More than 120 partners • Objectives • Large-scale, production-quality infrastructure for e-Science • Attracting new resources and users from industry as well asscience • Improving and maintaining “gLite” Grid middleware US partners in EGEE-II: • Univ. Chicago • Univ. South. California • Univ. Wisconsin • RENCI gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  6. TWGRID Main lines of the EGEE project • Infrastructure operation • Currently includes sites across 39 countries • Continuous monitoring of grid services & automated site configuration/management • Middleware • Production quality middleware distributed under business friendly open source licence • User Support - Managed process from first contact through to production usage • Training • Expertise in grid-enabling applications • Online helpdesk • Networking events (User Forum, Conferences etc.) • Interoperability • Expanding geographical reach and interoperability with related infrastructures KnowARC gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  7. Applications on EGEE • Applications from an increasing number of domains • Astrophysics • Computational Chemistry • Earth Sciences • Financial Simulation • Fusion • Geophysics • High Energy Physics • Life Sciences • Multimedia • Material Sciences • … Book of abstracts: http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/egee/tr/egee-tr-2006-005.pdf gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  8. EU GRID EU projects related to EGEE gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  9. Sustainability: Beyond EGEE-II • Need to prepare for permanent Grid infrastructure • Ensure a reliable and adaptive support for all sciences • Independent of short project funding cycles • Infrastructure managed in collaboration with national grid initiatives gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  10. Part II The gLite middleware Programming the Grid with gLite http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/egee/tr/egee-tr-2006-001.pdf gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  11. Middleware structure Applications • Applications have access both to Higher-level Grid Services and to Foundation Grid Middleware • Higher-Level Grid Services are supposed to help the users building their computing infrastructure but should not be mandatory • Foundation Grid Middleware will be deployed on the EGEE infrastructure • Must be complete and robust • Should allow interoperation with other major grid infrastructures • Should not assume the use of Higher-Level Grid Services Higher-Level Grid Services Workload Management Replica Management Visualization Workflow Grid Economies ... Foundation Grid Middleware Security model and infrastructure Computing (CE) and Storage Elements (SE) Accounting Information and Monitoring Overview paper http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/egee/tr/egee-tr-2006-001.pdf gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  12. gLite Services Decomposition 6 High Level Services + CLI & API Legend: Available Foreseen in the architecture (only Job provenance will be available by the end of EGEE-II) gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  13. gLite components UI: User Interface CE: Computing Element SE: Storage Element WN: Worker Node WMS: Workload Management System VOMS: Virtual Organization Membership Service LB: Logging and Bookkeeping MonBOX: monitoring LFC: Logical File Catalog BDII: Berkeley Database Information Index, stores all infomation about the resources available in the grid infrastructure gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  14. Input “sandbox” DataSets info UI JDL Output “sandbox” voms-proxy-init SE & CE info Output “sandbox” Expanded JDL Job Submit Event Job Query Input “sandbox” + Broker Info Publish Job Status Storage Element Globus RSL Job Status Job Status Job Workflow in gLite LFC Catalog Information Service Resource Broker Author. &Authen. Job Submission Service Logging & Book-keeping Computing Element gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  15. Input “sandbox” DataSets info UI JDL Output “sandbox” voms-proxy-init SE & CE info Output “sandbox” Expanded JDL Job Submit Event Job Query Input “sandbox” + Broker Info Publish Job Status Storage Element Globus RSL Job Status Job Status Job Workflow in gLite LFC Catalog Information Index Resource Broker Author. &Authen. Job Submission Service Logging & Book-keeping Computing Element • WMProxy gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  16. Resource brokering, workflow management, I/O data management Web Service interface: WMProxy Task Queue: keep non matched jobs Information SuperMarket: optimized cache of information system Match Maker: assigns jobs to resources according to user requirements Job submission & monitoring Condor-G ICE (to CREAM) External interactions: Information System Data Catalogs Logging&Bookkeeping Policy Management system (G-PBox) High Level Services: Workload Manag. • CREAM: Computing Resource Execution and Management ICE: Interface to CREAM Environment OSG Consortium Meeting - Seattle - 21-23 August 2006

  17. Grid Foundation: Security • Authentication based on X.509 PKI infrastructure • Certificate Authorities (CA) issue (long lived) certificates identifying individuals (much like a passport) • Commonly used in web browsers to authenticate to sites • Trust between CAs and sites is established (offline) • In order to reduce vulnerability, on the Grid user identification is done by using (short lived) proxies of their certificates • Proxies can • Be delegated to a service such that it can act on the user’s behalf • Include additional attributes (like VO information via the VO Membership Service VOMS) • Be stored in an external proxy store (MyProxy) • Be renewed (in case they are about to expire) gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  18. Grid Foundation: Security • Local Centre Authorization Service (LCAS) handles authorization requests to the local computing fabric • Local Credential Mapping Service (LCMAPS) provides all local credentials needed for jobs allowed into the fabric. • Batch Local ASCII Helper • The protocol (BLAHP): provides a set of plain ASCII commands used by Condor-C (and CREAM) to manage jobs on the batch systems. • The daemon (BLAHPD): implements the helper daemon responsible for converting BLAHP commands into batch system actions, interpreting their results and reporting them in BLAHP format. gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  19. Grid foundation: Information Systems GIP Cache • Generic Information Provider (GIP) • Provides LDIF information about a grid service in accordance to the GLUE Schema • BDII: Information system in gLite 3.0 (by LCG) • LDAP database that is updated by an external process • More than one DBs is used separate read and write • A port forwarder is used internally to select the correct DB Provider Plugin LDIF File Config File • LDIF: Lightweight Directory Interchange Format LDAP: Lightweight Data Access Protocol GLUE: Grid Laboratory Uniform Environment • BDII: Berkeley Datbase Information Index gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  20. Grid foundation: Information Systems • R-GMA: provides a uniform method to access and publish distributed information and monitoring data • Used for job and infrastructure monitoring in gLite 3.0 • Working to add authorization • Service Discovery: • Provides a standard set of methods for locating Grid services • Currently supports R-GMA, BDII and XML files as backends • Will add local cache of information • Used by some DM and WMS components in gLite 3.0 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  21. WN Grid foundation: Computing Element • Three flavours available now: • LCG-CE (GT2 GRAM) • In production now but will be phased-out next year • gLite-CE (GSI-enabled Condor-C) • Already deployed but still needs thorough testing and tuning. Being done now • CREAM (WS-I based interface) • Deployed on the JRA1 preview test-bed. After a first testing phase will be certified and deployed together with the gLite-CE • Our contribution to the OGF-BES group for a standard WS-I based CE interface • CREAM and WMProxy demo at SC06! • BLAH is the interface to the local resource manager (via plug-ins) • CREAM and gLite-CE • Information pass-through: pass parameters to the LRMS to help job scheduling WMS, Clients Information System Grid Computing Element bdII R-GMA CEMon Site glexec + LCAS/ LCMAPS BLAH LRMS gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  22. Grid foundation: Accounting • APEL: Uses R-GMA to propagate and display job accounting information for infrastructure monitoring • Reads LRMS log files provided by LCG-CE and BLAH • Preparing an update for gLite 3.0 to use the files form BLAH • DGAS: Collects, stores and transfers accounting data. Compliant with privacy requirements • Reads LRMS log files provided by LCG-CE and BLAH. • Stores information in a site database (HLR) and optionally in a central HLR. Access granted to user, site and VO administrators • Not yet certified in gLite 3.0. Deployment plan: • DGAS is in certification at INFN • It will send records to the GOC via DGAS2APEL gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  23. Grid foundation: Storage Element • Storage Element • Common interface: SRMv1, migrating to SRM v2.2 • Various implementation from LCG and other external projects • disk-based: DPM, dCache / tape-based: Castor, dCache • Support for ACLs in DPM (in future in Castor and dCache) • After the summer: synchronization of ACLs between SEs • Common rfio library for Castor and DPM being added • Posix-like file access: • Grid File Access Layer (GFAL) by LCG • Support for ACL in the SRM layer (currently in DPM only) • Support for SRMv2 being added now • gLite I/O • Support for ACLs from the file catalog and interfaced to Hydra for data encryption • Not certified in gLite 3.0. To be dismissed when all functionalities will be also available in GFAL. gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  24. High Level Services: Catalogues • File Catalogs • LFC from LCG • In June: interface to POOL. • In the summer: LFC replication and backup. • Hydra: stores keys for data encryption • Being interfaced to GFAL (done by July) • Currently only one instance, but in future there will be 3 instances: at least 2 need to be available for decryption. • Not yet certified in gLite 3.0. Certification will start soon. • AMGA Metadata Catalog: generic metadata catalogue • Joint JRA1-NA4 (ARDA) development. Used mainly by Biomed • Not yet certified in gLite 3.0. Certification will start soon. gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  25. High Level Services: File transfer • FTS: Reliable, scalable and customizable file transfer • Manages transfers through channels • mono-directional network pipes between two sites • Web service interface • Automatic discovery of services • Support for different user and administrative roles • Adding support for pre-staging and new proxy renewal schema • Support for SRMv2.2, delegation, VOMS-aware proxy renewal in certification gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  26. High Level Services: Workload mgmt. • WMS helps the user accessing computing resources • Resource brokering, management of job input/output, ... • LCG-RB: GT2 + Condor-G • To be replaced when the gLite WMS proves to be reliable • gLite WMS: Web service (WMProxy) + Condor-G • Management of complex workflows (DAGs) and compound jobs • bulk submission and shared input sandboxes • support for input files on different servers (scattered sandboxes) • Support for shallow resubmission of jobs • Job File Perusal: file peeking during job execution • Supports collection of information from CEMon, BDII, R-GMA and from DLI and StorageIndex data management interfaces • Support for parallel jobs (MPI) when the home dir is not shared • Deployed for the first time in gLite 3.0 gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  27. New WMS deployed and thoroughly debugged CMS: 100 collections * 200 jobs/collection, 3 UIs, 33 CEs ~ 2.5 h to submit jobs 0.5 seconds/job ~ 17 hours to transfer jobs to a CE 3 seconds/job 26K jobs/day Negligible failure rate due to WMS Shallow resubmission failure rate drops to less than 1% with 3 resubmissions Stability problems investigating also other deployment scenarios to make it more robust gLite CE still to be tested and optimized WMS/LB/UI and CE CMS ATLAS gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  28. Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG) is a set of jobs where the input, output, or execution of one or more jobs depends on one or more other jobs A Collection is a group of jobs with no dependencies basically a collection of JDL’s A Parametric job is a job having one or more attributes in the JDL that vary their values according to parameters Using compound jobs it is possible to have one shot submission of a (possibly very large, up to thousands) group of jobs Submission time reduction Single call to WMProxy server Single Authentication and Authorization process Sharing of files between jobs Availability of both a single Job ID to manage the group as a whole and an ID for each single job in the group nodeA nodeB nodeC nodeE nodeD High Level Services: Workflows gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  29. Logging and Bookkeeping service Tracks jobs during their lifetime (in terms of events) LBProxy for fast access L&B API and CLI to query jobs Support for “CE reputability ranking“: maintains recent statistics of job failures at CE’s and feeds back to WMS to aid planning Job Provenance: stores long term job information Supports job rerun If deployed will also help unloading the L&B Not yet certified in gLite 3.0. High Level Services: Job Information gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  30. Highlights: Job Priorities • Applications ask for the possibility to diversify the access to fast/slow queues depending on the user role/group inside the VO • GPBOX is a tool that provides the possibility to define, store and propagate fine-grained VO policies • based on VOMS groups and roles • enforcement of policies at sites: sites may accept/reject policies • Not yet certified. Certification will start when requested by the TCG. • Current activities: test job prioritization without GPBOX: - Map VOMS groups to batch system shares - Publish info on the share in the CE GLUE 1.2 schema (VOView) - WMS match-making depending on submitter VOMS certificate - Settings are not dynamic (via e-mail or CE updates) - GIP available for Torque/Maui only. Working on the LSF one   - mainly a deployment issue gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  31. Summary • gLite 3 is • the next generation middleware for grid computing • developed according to a well defined process • controlled by the EGEE Technical Coordination Group • deployed on the EGEE production infrastructure • More than 200 sites • development is continuing to provide increased robustness, usability, and functionality • On the preview testbed • CREAM, Job Provenance, glexec on the WNs, GPBOX • gLite sources: http://glite.cvs.cern.ch/cgi-bin/glite.cgi/ gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

  32. www.glite.org gLite @ OMII-Europe All-Hands meeting, Bologna, 12-13 February 2007

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